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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Medicine --- Endocrinology --- intrauterine growth restriction --- fetal growth restriction --- IUGR --- FGR --- pathology --- placenta --- brain injury

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Fetal Growth Retardation. --- Growth Retardation, Intrauterine --- IUGR --- Intrauterine Growth Retardation --- Growth Retardation, Fetal --- Retardation, Fetal Growth --- Retardation, Intrauterine Growth --- Fetal growth retardation --- Fetal Growth Retardation --- Fetal Growth Restriction --- Intrauterine Growth Restriction --- Fetus --- Growth retardation, Fetal --- Growth retardation, Intrauterine --- Intrauterine growth retardation --- Retardation, Fetal growth --- Retardation, Intrauterine growth --- Fetal growth disorders --- Growth retardation --- Foetus --- Croissance --- Retard

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The control of energy metabolism is a central event for cell, organ, and organism survival. There are many control levels in energy metabolism, although in this Special Issue, we concentrated on the neuroendocrine control which is operated through specialized neural circuits controlling both food intake and energy expenditure. Due to the explosion of obesity and associated diseases, the subject of this Special Issue is of particular interest today.

IGF1 --- IGF2 --- IGFBP2 --- high-fat diet --- obesity --- sex differences --- neuropeptides --- beige adipocyte --- white adipocyte --- brown adipocyte --- diabetes mellitus --- differentiation --- kisspeptin --- AgRP --- sheep --- reproduction --- LH --- genistein --- proopiomelanocortin --- arcuate nucleus --- rats --- endocrine disrupting chemicals --- bisphenol A --- diethylstilbestrol --- tributyltin --- neuropeptide Y --- pro-opiomelanocortin --- phytoestrogens --- endocrine disruptor --- dimorphism --- POMC --- orexin --- subfornical organ --- organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis --- area postrema --- hypothalamus --- metabolism --- diabetes --- estrogens --- gut permeability/integrity --- insulin sensitivity --- Akkermansia --- gut microbiome --- lactate --- glycogen --- behavior --- learning --- astrocytes --- calcium signaling --- energy balance --- gliotransmission --- systemic metabolism --- amygdala --- kisspeptins --- food intake --- body weight --- intrauterine growth restriction --- macrosomia --- glucose tolerance --- abdominal adipocyte gene expression --- thrifty phenotype hypothesis

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This book aims to provide novel insights into the mechanisms of embryo implantation and placental development, as well as at present an overview of the current knowledge on the different signaling pathways regulating the early steps of implantation and placentation, and on the pathological alterations which may impair the establishment of a physiological pregnancy.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- fetuin-A --- GDM --- cell growth --- centrosome --- primary cilium --- autophagy --- implantation --- endometrium --- blastocyst --- embryo --- chorionic gonadotropin --- progesterone --- Notch --- cytokines --- placenta --- amino acid transporter --- mammalian target of rapamycin --- gestational diabetes --- trophectoderm --- cell proliferation --- let-7 miRNAs --- gene regulation --- fractalkine --- trophoblast --- bilaminar co-culture --- miRNA --- trophoblast cells --- ARID3B complex --- decidualization --- adverse pregnancy outcome --- preconception --- preimplantation genetic screening --- in-vitro fertilization --- biopsy --- euploid embryo --- pregnancy --- mosaicism --- development --- flow culture --- KIT receptor --- KITD816V --- placental development --- premature differentiation --- trophoblast stem cell --- trophoblast giant cell --- spongiotrophoblast --- invasion --- embryonic growth retardation --- Jag1 --- Dll4 --- endothelial cells --- decidua --- angiogenesis --- capillaries --- spiral arteries --- Stabilin-1 --- Stabilin-2 --- double knockout --- hemorrhage --- RNA-seq --- ChIP-seq --- enhancers --- transcription factors --- PLAGL1 --- tube formation --- blood vessel development --- PlGF --- Flt-1/VEGFR1 --- immune modulation --- human placenta --- lopinavir --- mitochondria --- Mfn2 --- UPR --- IRE1α --- placental dysfunction --- assisted reproduction techniques --- infertility --- preeclampsia --- intrauterine growth restriction --- trophoblast invasion --- sFLT-1 --- EGFL7 --- placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal cells --- mouse model

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Plant-based diets contain a plethora of metabolites that may impact on health and disease prevention. Most are focused on the potential bioactivity and nutritional relevance of several classes of phytochemicals, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, phyto-oestrogens, and frucrooligo-saccharides. These compounds are found in fruit, vegetables, and herbs. Daily intakes of some of these compounds may exceed 100 mg. Moreover, intestinal bacterial activity may transform complex compounds such as anthocyanins, procyanidins, and isoflavones into simple phenolic metabolites. The colon is thus a rich source of potentially active phenolic acids that may impact both locally and systemically on gut health. Further, nondigestible fiber (prebiotics) are dietary substrates that selectively promote proliferation and/or activity of health-promoting bacterial populations in the colon. Prebiotics, such as inulin, raffinose, and stachyose, have a proven ability to promote the abundance of intestinal bacterial populations, which may provide additional health benefits to the host. Further, various pulse seed soluble (fiber) extracts are responsible for improving gastrointestinal motility, intestinal functionality and morphology, and mineral absorption. Studies indicated that the consumption of seed origin soluble extracts can upregulate the expression of BBM proteins that contribute for digestion and absorption of nutrients.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Food & society --- intra amniotic (in ovo) administration --- zinc gene expression --- iron gene expression --- brush border membrane functional genes --- intestinal bacterial populations --- villus surface area --- cichoric acid --- metal complexes --- cytotoxicity --- cancer --- bacterial strains --- fungi --- human cell culture --- lactic acid bacteria --- probiotic --- acrylamide --- viability --- flow cytometry --- mesotrione --- traumatic acid --- breast cancer --- herbicide --- antioxidant --- oxidative stress --- bifidobacteria --- colon --- fermentation --- microbiota --- prebiotic --- SHIME® --- artichoke --- intestinal microbiota --- vegetable drink --- beneficial microorganisms --- cereal --- legume --- pseudocereal --- fruit --- synbiotic --- microbiome --- SCFA --- pectin --- rhamnogalacturonan --- transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) --- pea --- phytate --- iron --- bioavailability --- bio active compound --- in vivo --- Gallus gallus --- brush border membrane --- oats --- celiac disease --- non-celiac gluten sensitivity --- gluten-free --- SCFAs --- teff --- staple food crops --- prebiotics --- probiotics --- iron deficiency --- zinc deficiency --- gut microbiota --- intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) --- fructose --- dexamethasone --- intestinal gluconeogenesis --- plant origin --- bio-active compounds --- intestine --- intra amniotic (in ovo) administration --- zinc gene expression --- iron gene expression --- brush border membrane functional genes --- intestinal bacterial populations --- villus surface area --- cichoric acid --- metal complexes --- cytotoxicity --- cancer --- bacterial strains --- fungi --- human cell culture --- lactic acid bacteria --- probiotic --- acrylamide --- viability --- flow cytometry --- mesotrione --- traumatic acid --- breast cancer --- herbicide --- antioxidant --- oxidative stress --- bifidobacteria --- colon --- fermentation --- microbiota --- prebiotic --- SHIME® --- artichoke --- intestinal microbiota --- vegetable drink --- beneficial microorganisms --- cereal --- legume --- pseudocereal --- fruit --- synbiotic --- microbiome --- SCFA --- pectin --- rhamnogalacturonan --- transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) --- pea --- phytate --- iron --- bioavailability --- bio active compound --- in vivo --- Gallus gallus --- brush border membrane --- oats --- celiac disease --- non-celiac gluten sensitivity --- gluten-free --- SCFAs --- teff --- staple food crops --- prebiotics --- probiotics --- iron deficiency --- zinc deficiency --- gut microbiota --- intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) --- fructose --- dexamethasone --- intestinal gluconeogenesis --- plant origin --- bio-active compounds --- intestine