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There is an inherent tension between traditional norms and survey protocols for quantitative data collected in the developing world. Unexpected interactions between the interviewer and respondent can lead to interviewer effects in the data, particularly in the case of subjective or sensitive questions. This paper makes use of a unique data set available from Timor-Leste containing subjective and objective questions to study these effects. In addition to their age and gender, data were collected from the interviewers regarding their opinions on the subjective questions prior to fieldwork. Fixed effects and mixed effects logit models are used to examine the main effects and interactions between interviewer and respondent characteristics. More objective measures serve as a pseudo control group. The paper finds interviewer effects in the both subjective and objective data, but the magnitude is considerably stronger for subjective questions. The paper also finds that female respondents are more susceptible to influence based on the interviewer's beliefs. Despite methodological shortcomings, the study highlights the need to consider more fully the impact of traditional cultural norms when conducting quantitative surveys in the developing world on topics that are outside the standard objective questions.
Gender & Law --- Housing & Human Habitats --- Interviewer Effects --- Justice Surveys --- Labor Policies --- Science Education --- Scientific Research & Science Parks --- Subjective Data --- Survey Methodology --- Timor-Leste
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This paper examines how easily observable interviewer characteristics, such as gender and physical attractiveness, and more difficult to observe characteristics, such as attitudes and beliefs, affect adolescent girls' disclosure of sexual behavior during a baseline survey for an adolescent girls program in Liberia. The study finds that girls are more likely to report sexual activity to better-looking interviewers, and less likely to do so to interviewers holding more discriminatory gender attitudes and greater expectations about.
Attitudes --- Beauty --- Education --- Education for All --- Educational Populations --- Educational Sciences --- Gender --- Gender and Development --- Inequality --- Interviewer Effects --- Poverty Reduction --- Sexual Behavior
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There is an inherent tension between traditional norms and survey protocols for quantitative data collected in the developing world. Unexpected interactions between the interviewer and respondent can lead to interviewer effects in the data, particularly in the case of subjective or sensitive questions. This paper makes use of a unique data set available from Timor-Leste containing subjective and objective questions to study these effects. In addition to their age and gender, data were collected from the interviewers regarding their opinions on the subjective questions prior to fieldwork. Fixed effects and mixed effects logit models are used to examine the main effects and interactions between interviewer and respondent characteristics. More objective measures serve as a pseudo control group. The paper finds interviewer effects in the both subjective and objective data, but the magnitude is considerably stronger for subjective questions. The paper also finds that female respondents are more susceptible to influence based on the interviewer's beliefs. Despite methodological shortcomings, the study highlights the need to consider more fully the impact of traditional cultural norms when conducting quantitative surveys in the developing world on topics that are outside the standard objective questions.
Gender & Law --- Housing & Human Habitats --- Interviewer Effects --- Justice Surveys --- Labor Policies --- Science Education --- Scientific Research & Science Parks --- Subjective Data --- Survey Methodology --- Timor-Leste
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This volume provides various perspectives on how psychosocial parameters - such as interpersonal rapport, historical and contemporary context, corporate memory, expectation, empathy, hope, conditioning, symbolic thinking and suggestion - play a role in forming placebo responses and placebo effects.
Placebos (Medicine) --- Placebo Effect --- Placebos --- Therapeutics --- Effect Modifiers (Epidemiology) --- Pharmaceutical Preparations --- Epidemiologic Factors --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Quality of Health Care --- Public Health --- Environment and Public Health --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Health Care --- Pharmacy, Therapeutics, & Pharmacology --- Clinical Psychology --- Psychiatry --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Healthcare Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Community Health --- Environment, Preventive Medicine & Public Health --- Environment, Preventive Medicine and Public Health --- Health, Community --- Health, Public --- Preventive Medicine --- Education, Public Health Professional --- Pharmacy Audit --- Quality of Care --- Quality of Healthcare --- Audit, Pharmacy --- Care Quality --- Health Care Quality --- Healthcare Quality --- Pharmacy Audits --- Determinant, Epidemiologic --- Determinants, Epidemiologic --- Epidemiologic Determinant --- Epidemiologic Factor --- Factor, Epidemiologic --- Factors, Epidemiologic --- Epidemiologic Determinants --- Pharmaceutic Preparations --- Pharmaceutical Products --- Pharmaceuticals --- Preparations, Pharmaceutical --- Drug --- Drugs --- Pharmaceutical --- Pharmaceutical Preparation --- Pharmaceutical Product --- Preparation, Pharmaceutical --- Preparations, Pharmaceutic --- Product, Pharmaceutical --- Products, Pharmaceutical --- Pharmacology --- Drug Dosage Calculations --- Therapy --- Treatment --- Therapeutic --- Therapies --- Treatments --- Disease --- Sham Treatment --- Mind-Body Therapies --- Placebo Response --- Effect, Placebo --- Response, Placebo --- Medicine and psychology --- Social aspects --- Psychological aspects --- therapy --- Effect Modifier, Epidemiologic. --- Drug Therapy --- Therapy, Drug --- Chemotherapy --- Pharmacotherapy --- Chemotherapies --- Drug Therapies --- Pharmacotherapies --- Therapies, Drug --- Pharmacologic Actions --- Conditional Variables --- Effect Modifiers, Epidemiologic --- Epidemiologic Effect Modifier --- Epidemiologic Effect Modifiers --- Moderator Variables --- Modifiers, Epidemiologic Effect --- Halo Effect --- Hawthorne Effect --- Interviewer Effect --- Conditional Variable --- Effect, Halo --- Effect, Hawthorne --- Effect, Interviewer --- Effects, Halo --- Effects, Interviewer --- Halo Effects --- Interviewer Effects --- Moderator Variable --- Modifier, Epidemiologic Effect --- Variable, Conditional --- Variable, Moderator --- Variables, Conditional --- Variables, Moderator --- drug therapy --- therapeutic use
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