Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Si le Trade Finance a montré une forte capacité de résilience après la crise de 2008, de nouveaux défis se présentent pour ces métiers traditionnels des banques : les exigences bâloises en matière de fonds propres et de liquidité, le renforcement croissant de la conformité et l'arrivée des FinTech. L'objet de cette deuxième édition est de présenter les principes et les fondamentaux de ces métiers - dont la connaissance des produits se limite parfois au crédit documentaire - et de faire le point sur les dernières évolutions réglementaires et technologiques. Ce guide propose de comprendre et de décrypter l'offre bancaire en matière de Trade Finance apportant aux exportateurs et aux importateurs la sécurité et la liquidité pour gérer et financer leurs transactions internationales. Pratique et illustré de cas concrets, il répond aux questions essentielles : le rôle des documents commerciaux et de transport pour une banque ; le fonctionnement de l'encaissement documentaire et du crédit documentaire ; les outils de financement du poste-clients international de l'entreprise ; les différences entre un crédit documentaire transférable et adossé... Ce vade-mecum s'adresse aux professionnels des banques et des entreprises ainsi qu'aux étudiants en cycle financier, économique et logistique (BTS Commerce international, écoles de commerce, universités).

International trade --- International finance --- Documentary credit --- Finance --- Commerce international --- Crédit documentaire. --- Investissements étrangers. --- Finances internationales. --- International finance. --- Documentary credit. --- Finances. --- Finance. --- Crédit documentaire. --- Investissements étrangers. --- International trade - Finance

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper develops a simple two-sector model of a socialist economy, in which government revenues required for servicing external debt are obtained from taxation of the socialized sector and from import taxes. Wages and employment in the socialized sector are the outcome of Nash bargaining between the government and an import-competing labor-dominated state enterprise with domestic market power. The effects of trade liberalization, demonopolization, technical improvements, and limitations on labor’s bargaining power are examined, and the implications for privatization are considered. It is shown that some combination of tax reform and debt reduction may be a precondition for market-oriented reforms.

Exports and Imports --- Labor --- Macroeconomics --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Socialist Enterprises and Their Transitions --- Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: International Trade, Finance, Investment, and Aid --- Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Public Economics --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- Labor Economics: General --- Employment --- Unemployment --- Wages --- Intergenerational Income Distribution --- Aggregate Human Capital --- Aggregate Labor Productivity --- Labour --- income economics --- International economics --- Trade liberalization --- Trade barriers --- International trade --- Commercial policy --- Labor economics --- Economic theory --- Poland, Republic of

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Abstract What do climate change, global financial crises, pandemics, and fragility and conflict have in common? They are all examples of global risks that can cross geographical and generational boundaries and whose mismanagement can reverse gains in development and jeopardize the well-being of generations. Managing risks such as these becomes a global public good, whose benefits also cross boundaries, providing a rationale for collective action facilitated by the international community. Yet, as many public goods, provision of global public goods suffer from collective action failures that undermine international coordination. This paper discusses the obstacles to addresing these global risks effectively, highlighting their implications for the current juncture. It claims that remaining gaps in information, resources, and capacity hamper accumulation and use of knowledge to triger appropriate action, but diverging national interests remain the key impediment to cooperation and effectiveness of global efforts, even when knowledge on the risks and their consequences are well understood. The paper argues that managing global risks requires a cohesive international community that enables its stakeholders to work collectively around common goals by facilitating sharing of knowledge, devoting resources to capacity building, and protecting the vulnerable. When some countries fail to cooperate, the international community can still forge cooperation, including by realigning incentives and demonstrating benefit from incremental steps toward full cooperation.

Risk --- Economics --- Common good. --- International cooperation. --- Cooperation, International --- Global governance --- Institutions, International --- Interdependence of nations --- International institutions --- World order --- Cooperation --- International relations --- International organization --- Good, Common --- Public good --- Political science --- Consensus (Social sciences) --- Justice --- Public interest --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- Uncertainty --- Probabilities --- Profit --- Risk-return relationships --- Economic aspects. --- Risk management. --- Financial Risk Management --- Taxation --- International Economics --- Environmental Economics --- Diseases: Contagious --- Macroeconomics --- Externalities --- Conflict --- Conflict Resolution --- Alliances --- Financial Crises --- Public Goods --- Health: Government Policy --- Regulation --- Public Health --- Other Economic Systems: International Trade, Finance, Investment and Aid --- Climate --- Natural Disasters and Their Management --- Global Warming --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- International Policy Coordination and Transmission --- Health Behavior --- Health: General --- Climate change --- Public finance & taxation --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Infectious & contagious diseases --- Health economics --- Tax incentives --- International cooperation --- Financial crises --- Communicable diseases --- Environment --- Health --- Global financial crisis of 2008-2009 --- Climatic changes --- Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 --- United States