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This paper examines the economic impact of international remittances on countries and households in the developing world. To analyze the country-level impact of remittances, the paper estimates an econometric model based on a new data set of 115 developing countries. Results suggest that countries located close to a major remittance-sending region (like the United States, OECD-Europe) are more likely to receive international remittances, and that while the level of poverty in a country has no statistical effect on the amount of remittances received, for those countries which are fortunate enough to receive remittances, these resource flows do tend to reduce the level and depth of poverty. At the household level, a review of findings from recent research suggest that households receiving international remittances spend less at the margin on consumption goods-like food-and more on investment goods-like education and housing. Households receiving international remittances also tend to invest more in entrepreneurial activities.

Citizens --- Debt Markets --- Developing Countries --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Global Development --- Global Development Finance --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Household Income --- Household Level --- International Migrants --- International Migration --- Level of Poverty --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Migrant --- Migrant Workers --- Migrants --- Policy --- Policy Research --- Policy Research Working Paper --- Population Policies --- Progress --- Remittance --- Remittances --- Resource Flows --- World Population

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This paper examines the economic impact of international remittances on countries and households in the developing world. To analyze the country-level impact of remittances, the paper estimates an econometric model based on a new data set of 115 developing countries. Results suggest that countries located close to a major remittance-sending region (like the United States, OECD-Europe) are more likely to receive international remittances, and that while the level of poverty in a country has no statistical effect on the amount of remittances received, for those countries which are fortunate enough to receive remittances, these resource flows do tend to reduce the level and depth of poverty. At the household level, a review of findings from recent research suggest that households receiving international remittances spend less at the margin on consumption goods-like food-and more on investment goods-like education and housing. Households receiving international remittances also tend to invest more in entrepreneurial activities.

Citizens --- Debt Markets --- Developing Countries --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Global Development --- Global Development Finance --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Household Income --- Household Level --- International Migrants --- International Migration --- Level of Poverty --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Migrant --- Migrant Workers --- Migrants --- Policy --- Policy Research --- Policy Research Working Paper --- Population Policies --- Progress --- Remittance --- Remittances --- Resource Flows --- World Population

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Macro- and micro-economic evidence suggests a positive role of remittances in preparing households against natural disasters and in coping with the loss afterwards. Analysis of cross-country macroeconomic data shows that remittances increase in the aftermath of natural disasters in countries that have a larger number of migrants abroad. Analysis of household survey data in Bangladesh shows that per capita consumption was higher in remittance-receiving households than in others after the 1998 flood. Ethiopian remittance-dependent households seem to use cash reserves rather than sell livestock to cope with drought. In Burkina Faso and Ghana, international remittance-receiving households, especially those receiving remittances from high-income developed countries, tend to have housing built of concrete rather than mud and greater access to communication equipment, suggesting that they are better prepared against natural disasters.

Debt Markets --- Developing countries --- Environment --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Food security --- Foreign direct investment --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Household level --- International migrants --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Migrant --- Migration --- Natural Disasters --- Natural disasters --- Number of migrants --- Policy --- Policy research --- Policy research working paper --- Population --- Population Policies --- Progress --- Remittance --- Remittances --- Safety net --- Sustainable development --- Vulnerability --- Workshop

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This paper analyzes the impact of international remittances on poverty and household consumption and investment using panel data (2000 and 2007) from the Indonesian Family Life Survey. Three key findings emerge. First, using an instrumental variables approach to control for selection and endogeneity, it finds that international remittances have a large statistical effect on reducing poverty in Indonesia. Second, households receiving remittances in 2007 spent more at the margin on one key consumption good - food - compared with what they would have spent on this good without the receipt of remittances. Third, households receiving remittances in 2007 spent less at the margin on one important investment good - housing - compared with what they would have spent on this good without the receipt of remittances. Households receiving international remittances in Indonesia are poorer than other types of households, and thus they tend to spend their remittances at the margin on consumption rather than investment goods.

Debt Markets --- Developing countries --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Household level --- Household surveys --- International migration --- Level of poverty --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Migrant --- Migrant workers --- Migration --- Number of households --- Number of international migrants --- Nutrition --- Policy research --- Policy research working paper --- Population Policies --- Poverty Reduction --- Progress --- Remittance --- Remittances --- Respect --- Rural Poverty Reduction --- Small Area Estimation Poverty Mapping --- Spouse --- University education --- Urban areas

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From South Africa in the nineteenth century to Hong Kong today, nations around the world, including the United States, have turned to guestworker programs to manage migration. These temporary labor recruitment systems represented a state-brokered compromise between employers who wanted foreign workers and those who feared rising numbers of immigrants. Unlike immigrants, guestworkers couldn't settle, bring their families, or become citizens, and they had few rights. Indeed, instead of creating a manageable form of migration, guestworker programs created an especially vulnerable class of labor. Based on a vast array of sources from U.S., Jamaican, and English archives, as well as interviews, No Man's Land tells the history of the American "H2" program, the world's second oldest guestworker program. Since World War II, the H2 program has brought hundreds of thousands of mostly Jamaican men to the United States to do some of the nation's dirtiest and most dangerous farmwork for some of its biggest and most powerful agricultural corporations, companies that had the power to import and deport workers from abroad. Jamaican guestworkers occupied a no man's land between nations, protected neither by their home government nor by the United States. The workers complained, went on strike, and sued their employers in class action lawsuits, but their protests had little impact because they could be repatriated and replaced in a matter of hours. No Man's Land puts Jamaican guestworkers' experiences in the context of the global history of this fast-growing and perilous form of labor migration.

Foreign workers --- Foreign workers. --- Deportation. --- Deportation --- Expulsion --- Alien labor --- Aliens --- Foreign labor --- Guest workers --- Guestworkers --- Immigrant labor --- Immigrant workers --- Migrant labor (Foreign workers) --- Migrant workers (Foreign workers) --- Law and legislation --- Employment --- Jamaica --- Jamaïque --- G'amaiḳah --- Xaymaca --- Jamaika (Country) --- Ямайкэ --- I︠A︡maĭkė --- جامايكا --- Jāmāyikā --- Chamaica --- J·amayica --- Xamaica --- Xamayka --- Yamayka --- Ямайка --- I︠A︡maĭka --- Yamaika --- Jamajka --- Джамайка --- Dzhamaĭka --- Tschameeki --- Jaméíkʼa --- Τζαμάικα --- Tzamaika --- Emigration and immigration. --- Emigration and immigration law --- Asylum, Right of --- Extradition --- Refoulement --- Employees --- ジャマイカ --- West Indies (Federation) --- 1960s. --- 1970s. --- 1980s. --- Bahamian workers. --- Caribbean guestworker programs. --- Caribbean guestworkers. --- Cuban Revolution. --- Emergency Farm Labor Importation Program. --- Florida Rural Legal Services. --- Florida. --- Great Depression. --- H2 program. --- IRCA. --- Immigration Reform and Control Act. --- Jamaican guestworkers. --- Jim Crow. --- Leaford Williams. --- Luther L. Chandler. --- Lyndon B. Johnson. --- Mexican guestworker programs. --- New Deal. --- U.S. South. --- U.S. farmworker programme. --- U.S. guestworker programs. --- UFW. --- United Farm Workers of America. --- War on Poverty. --- World War II. --- agricultural exceptionalism. --- agriculture. --- alien farmworkers. --- alien negro laborers. --- anti-immigrant sentiments. --- authorized guestworker programs. --- cane cutters. --- deportation. --- domestic workers. --- farm employers. --- farm labor. --- female guestworkers. --- foreign labor. --- foreign workers. --- guestworker advocacy. --- guestworker program. --- guestworker programs. --- guestworkers. --- illegal immigration. --- immigrant workers. --- immigrants. --- immigration reform legislation. --- immigration restrictions. --- immigration. --- international migrants. --- international migration. --- labor discipline. --- labor laws. --- labor migrants. --- labor migration. --- labor recruitment scheme. --- labor recruitment. --- labor scarcity. --- labor standards. --- labor supply schemes. --- labor supply systems. --- managed migration. --- mass strikes. --- migration. --- nationalism. --- no man's land. --- poor working conditions. --- postwar America. --- rebellion. --- reform programs. --- state involvement. --- sugarcane company. --- temporary immigration schemes. --- unregulated migration. --- war workers. --- Noncitizen labor --- Noncitizens --- Noncitizens. --- Enemy aliens --- Expatriates --- Foreign population --- Foreign residents --- Foreigners --- Illegal aliens --- Illegal immigrants --- Non-citizens --- Resident aliens --- Unauthorized immigrants --- Undocumented aliens --- Undocumented immigrants --- Unnaturalized foreign residents --- Persons --- Legal status, laws, etc.