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A comprehensive portrait of George Woods, fourth president of the World Bank, and his pivotal contributions to the Bank's transformation from a relatively passive investment organization into a leader of world development.
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Events in Europe over the past decade or so have created a dynamic requiring significant conceptual and practical adjustments on the part of the the United Nations and a range of regional actors, including the EU, NATO, and the OSCE. This volume explores the resulting collaborative relationships in the context of peace operations in the Balkans, considering past efforts and developing specific suggestions for effective future interactions between the UN and its regional partners. The authors also consider the implications of efforts in Europe for the regionalization of peace and security operations in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.
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Though the prevention of conflict is the first promise in the Charter of the United Nations, it is a promise constantly betrayed by international organizations, governments, and local actors alike. At the same time, and in a more positive vein, recent studies provide much-needed information about why and how today's conflicts start and what sustains them. This ground-breaking book presents some of the best scholarly and policy-relevant work on the practical challenges of conflict prevention within the UN system. The authors consider the causes and dynamics of war, the tools that are being developed to predict the eruption of conflict, and what is being done—and what could be done better—in the effort to move from promise to practice.
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Draws on the case of US-UNESCO relations to analyze the prevailing international breakdown in multilateral cooperation.
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The UN intervention in East Timor amply illustrates the type of complex operation that the United Nations increasingly is being asked to undertake. Michael Smith analyzes the successes and failures of the UN Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET), which was designed to work in partnership with the East Timorese in guiding the country to independence following the 1999 vote to secede from Indonesia. Continuing the compelling narrative begun by Ian Martin in Self-Determination in East Timor, Smith gives a lucid first-hand account of a United Nations mission in the unfamiliar role of interim government—a mission dealing with critical requirements for good governance, sustainable development, and effective military and police forces. Evaluating the lessons learned from the experience, he highlights the urgent need for reforms within the UN. The absence of those reforms, he believes, will lead to more failed states, more refugees, more poverty, and more dead peacekeepers.
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Following on the publication of The Sanctions Decade—lauded as the definitive history and accounting of United Nations sanctions in the 1990s—David Cortright and George Lopez continue their collaboration to examine the changing context and meaning of sanctions and the security dilemmas that the Security Council now faces. Cortright and Lopez note that, despite widespread disagreement about the effectiveness of UN sanctions and the need for reform, the Security Council continues to impose sanctions, and it maintains ongoing measures in eight countries. Exploring the dynamics of recent developments, the authors assess a range of new multilateral approaches to sanctions and economic statecraft, review the heated debate over the humanitarian impact of sanctions, and consider the increasingly important role of NGOs in UN policymaking. They conclude with a framework for future policy, as well as specific recommendations for enhancing the viability of "smart sanctions" strategies.
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While studies of the UN typically focus on its internal procedures, resources, and problems, this path-breaking inquiry probes the UN's external circumstances—the diverse ways in which the rapidly changing international scene is likely both to provide it with opportunities and to impose constraints.
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Tells the story of the U.S. policy reversal that marked the transition from the UN bashing of the 1980s to the courtship of 1990 and analyzes the forces that produced first one and then the other of these latest phases in the tumultuous U.S.-UN relationship.
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The principle of nonuse of force except in self-defense is central to the concept of UN peacekeeping. F.T. Liu recounts how this principle was formulated, analyzes problems that UN peacekeeping operations have encountered in its implementation, and proposes actions that would enable the UN to play a more useful role.
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How can the United Nations, regional and subregional organizations, government donors, and other policymakers best apply the tools of conflict prevention to the wide range of intrastate conflict situations actually found in the field? The detailed case studies and analytical chapters in From Promise to Practice offer operational lessons for fashioning strategy and tactics to meet the challenges of specific conflicts, both potential and actual.
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