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Book
Sciences of the soul and intellect : an Arabic critical edition and English translation of Epistles 32-36
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 9780198758280 0198758286 Year: 2015 Publisher: Oxford Oxford university press

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Abstract

The Ikhwan al-Safa (Brethren of Purity), the anonymous adepts of a tenth-century esoteric fraternity based in Basra and Baghdad, hold an eminent position in the history of science and philosophy in Islam due to the wide reception and assimilation of their monumental encyclopaedia, the Rasa'il Ikhwan al-Safa (Epistles of the Brethren of Purity). This compendium contains fifty-two epistles offering synoptic accounts of the classical sciences and philosophies of the age; divided into four classificatory parts, it treats themes in mathematics, logic, natural philosophy, psychology, metaphysics, and theology, in addition to didactic fables. Epistles 32 to 36 comprise the first five treatises in the third division of the Rasa'il, on the sciences of the soul and intellect. Combining Islamic revelation with Hellenistic philosophy, the Ikhwan delineate herein their metaphysical system. Epistles 32 and 33 present adaptations of the Pythagorean doctrines, and of Neo-Platonist leitmotifs, whereby a numerical analogy is applied to the unique and transcendent God, or the One, from whom all existence emanates. Epistle 34 takes up the pervasive theme of the correspondence between microcosm and macrocosm, situating the human being as the central link between the celestial and terrestrial realms. In Epistle 35, we find an explanation of the intellectual faculties of the individual human soul, whose ultimate aim is ascension to the timeless reality of pure intellect. Finally, Epistle 36 presents itself as the astrological epistle par excellence of the Rasa'il; from the coming-to-be of worms, to the emergence of religions and empires, nothing in the sub-lunar sphere escapes the determining influence of the celestial cycles.


Book
The faculties : a history
Author:
ISBN: 9780199935277 9780199935253 0199935254 0199935270 Year: 2015 Publisher: Oxford : Oxford University Press,

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Abstract

It seems quite natural to explain the activities of human and non-human animals by referring to their special faculties. Thus, we say that dogs can smell things in their environment because they have perceptual faculties, or that human beings can think because they have rational faculties. But what are faculties? In what sense are they responsible for a wide range of activities? How can they be individuated? How are they interrelated? And why are different types of faculties assigned to different types of living beings? The six chapters in this book discuss these questions, covering a wide period from Plato up to contemporary debates about faculties as modules of the mind. They show that faculties were referred to in different theoretical contexts, but analyzed in radically different ways. Some philosophers, especially Aristotelians, made them the cornerstone of their biological and psychological theories, taking them to be basic powers of living beings. Others took them to be inner causes that literally produce activities, while still others provided a purely functional explanation. The chapters focus on various models, taking into account Greek, Arabic, Latin, French, German and Anglo-American debates. They analyze the role assigned to faculties in metaphysics, philosophy of mind and epistemology, but also the attack that was often launched against the assumption that faculties are hidden yet real features of living beings. The short "Reflections" inserted between the chapters make clear that faculties were also widely discussed in literature, science and medicine.


Book
La noétique de Siger de Brabant
Author:
ISSN: 12487279 ISBN: 9782711626984 2711626989 Year: 2016 Publisher: Paris : Libraire philosophique J. Vrin,

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"Comment justifier l'union entre un intellect entièrement immatériel et une âme forme substantielle de la matière? Tel est le problème "noétique" que pose le traité De l'âme d'Aristote: si l'âme est unie au corps, l'intellect en est "séparé"; si le composé de l'âme et du corps est engendré et se corrompt, l'intellect, lui, "vient du dehors" et est "incorruptible". Mais le problème ne fut pas tranché par Aristote. Le caractère aporématique du traité explique la diversité des interprétations qu'en ont donnée des commentateurs comme Théophraste, Alexandre d'Aphrodise, Thémistius, Avicenne et Averroès. C'est dans le cadre de cette tradition que les penseurs médiévaux ont examiné la nature de l'âme et de l'intellect. Leurs discussions prennent un tour dramatique lorsque Siger de Brabant, vers 1265, fait sienne l'interprétation radicale du traité De l'âme proposée par Averroès selon laquelle l'intellect est une substance séparée, unique pour tous les êtres humains et éternelle. Siger inaugure ainsi "l'averroïsme latin", un courant à plusieurs nuances qui se poursuivra jusqu'à la Renaissance ; il contraint Thomas d'Aquin à raffiner sa critique philosophique de la noétique averroïste et provoque en partie l'intervention des autorités ecclésiastiques, dont les condamnations successives ont conditionné l'exercice de la philosophie en Occident."--Page 4 of cover.


Book
Les possibilités de jonction : Averroès, Thomas Wylton
Author:
ISBN: 9783110315066 3110315068 1306091993 3110315173 Year: 2013 Volume: 10 Publisher: Berlin : De Gruyter,

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L'averroïsme de Thomas Wylton est ici étudié à partir de l'un de ses textes consacré à l'âme intellective. Analysant des questions majeures de la métaphysique comme le rapport de l'âme et du corps, le statut de l'imagination, l'autonomie du sujet de la pensée, elle montre comment le théologien anglais actualise la noétique d'Averroès, inscrivant sa pensée dans l'histoire de la rationalité. ©Electre 2015

Keywords

Mind and body --- Intellect --- Soul --- Psychology --- Esprit et corps --- Intelligence --- Ame --- Psychologie --- History --- History of doctrines --- Early works to 1800. --- Histoire --- Histoire des doctrines --- Ouvrages avant 1800 --- Averroës, --- Wylton, Thomas, --- Influence. --- Philosophy --- Averroes Cordubensis, --- Averroës, --- Intellect. --- Body and mind --- Body and soul (Philosophy) --- Human body --- Mind --- Mind-body connection --- Mind-body relations --- Mind-cure --- Somatopsychics --- Brain --- Dualism --- Philosophical anthropology --- Holistic medicine --- Mental healing --- Parousia (Philosophy) --- Phrenology --- Psychophysiology --- Self --- Psychological aspects --- Thomas, --- Wilton, Thomas, --- Wiltona, Tomasza, --- Abū al-Walīd ibn Rushd, --- Abū al-Walīd Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Rushd, --- Abū el-Walīd ibn Roshd, --- Abuʼl-Walid Muhammad bin Rusjd, --- Alṿalid ibn Rushd, --- Averroè, --- Averróis, --- Bin Rusjd, Muhammad bin Ahmad, --- Ibn-e-Rushd, --- Ibn-i Rushd, --- Ibn Rashad, --- Ibn Rochd, --- Ibn Roshd, Abū el-Walīd, --- Ibn Roshd, --- Ibn Ruschd, --- Ibn Rušd, --- Ibn Rushd, --- Ibn Rushd al-Ḥafīd, --- Ibn Rushd, Abū al-Walīd, --- Ibn Rushd, Abū al-Walīd Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad, --- Ibn Rushd, Abul Walid Muhammad ibn Ahmad, --- Ibnu Rosjid, --- Ibnu Rusjd, --- ‏ابن رشد،‏ --- Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Rushd, --- Intellect - Philosophy --- Averroes Cordubensis, - 1126-1198 --- Wylton, Thomas, - active 1288-1322

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