Listing 1 - 10 of 35 | << page >> |
Sort by
|
Choose an application
chinese economy --- institutional change --- economic reform --- labor share --- business environment --- air pollution
Choose an application
Multilevel governance divides powers, includes many veto players and requires extensive policy coordination among different jurisdictions. Under these conditions, innovative policies or institutional reforms seem difficult to achieve. However, while multilevel systems establish obstructive barriers to change, they also provide spaces for creative and experimental policies, incentives for learning, and ways to circumvent resistance against change. As the book explains, appropriate patterns of multilevel governance linking diverse policy arenas to a loosely coupled structure are conducive to policy innovation. "Based on theoretical and empirical research, this authoritative book explains why, how and under which conditions innovative policies are achievable in multilevel governance. Taking a forward-thinking approach, the book also addresses implications of the rise of multilevel governance for research and practice. Arthur Benz explores multilevel governance both in relation to and beyond governments' responses to an increasing complexity of public policies. Chapters analyse how political authority is divided and policies have to be coordinated across jurisdictional boundaries. Utilizing case studies on energy and climate policy in transnational, national and local contexts and on fiscal equalization in federations, Benz illuminates the interplay of policy change and institutional change, as well as the particular conditions that enable or constrain these mechanisms. The book concludes that complexity in multilevel systems of governance does not rule out policy innovation, but rather it establishes both favourable and constraining conditions for significant change. Providing an overview of theories of multilevel governance, this book will be critical reading for scholars and advanced students of political science and public administration. It will also be beneficial for policymakers interested in complex governance"--
Public administration --- Policy sciences --- governance modes --- innovation --- institutional change --- joint-decision making --- multilevel governance
Choose an application
"SEE is an international, open-access, peer reviewed journal that provides a venue for high-quality research conducted in all settings and contexts relevant to engineering education, with an emphasis on contextually rich reflective discussions of issues and approaches important to engineering education researchers and practitioners."
Engineering --- Study and teaching --- Research --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- institutional culture --- institutional change --- higher education --- distance learning --- engineering --- education
Choose an application
In 2005, more than two million Americans—six out of every 1,000 people—filed for bankruptcy. Though personal bankruptcy rates have since stabilized, bankruptcy remains an important tool for the relief of financially distressed households. In Bankrupt in America, Mary and Brad Hansen offer a vital perspective on the history of bankruptcy in America, beginning with the first lasting federal bankruptcy law enacted in 1898. Interweaving careful legal history and rigorous economic analysis, Bankrupt in America is the first work to trace how bankruptcy was transformed from an intermittently used constitutional provision, to an indispensable tool for business, to a central element of the social safety net for ordinary Americans. To do this, the authors track federal bankruptcy law, as well as related state and federal laws, examining the interaction between changes in the laws and changes in how people in each state used the bankruptcy law. In this thorough investigation, Hansen and Hansen reach novel conclusions about the causes and consequences of bankruptcy, adding nuance to the discussion of the relationship between bankruptcy rates and economic performance.
Bankruptcy --- History --- bankruptcy. --- cliometrics. --- economic history. --- garnishment. --- institutional change. --- interest groups. --- legal culture. --- supply of credit. --- usury.
Choose an application
This book provides a rare account of China's market reform in the own words of the Chinese: politicians, intellectuals, the media, and journalists. The Chinese rhetoric-complex, ironic, argumentative, and abstruse-may hold the key to understanding China's unique style of elite politics, state-citizen relationship, and institutional development. Topics include the establishment and change of the stock market and the recent institutionalization of the private equity industry. Rhetoricizing the Chinese capitalist transformation provides a glimpse into how the Chinese minds work as Chinese people participate in the process of changing the country and themselves. Adopting both an indigenous perspective and an outsider view on China, this book serves as a guide for anyone interested in learning how Chinese reason, persuade, debate, and resist.
Choose an application
Agriculture has been among the toughest political battlegrounds in postwar Japan and represents an ideal case study in institutional stability and change. Inefficient land use and a rapidly aging workforce have long been undermining the economic viability of the agricultural sector. Yet vested interests in the small-scale, part-time agricultural production structure have obstructed major reforms. Change has instead occurred in more subtle ways. Since the mid-1990s, a gradual reform process has dismantled some of the core pillars of the postwar agricultural support and protection regime. Harvesting State Support analyzes this process by shifting the analytical focus to the local level. Drawing on extensive qualitative field research, Hanno Jentzsch investigates how local actors, including farmers, local governments, and local agricultural cooperatives, have translated abstract policies into local practice. Showing how local variants are constructed through recombining national reforms with the local informal institutional environment, Harvesting State Support reveals new links between agricultural reform and other shifts in Japan’s political economy.
Agriculture and state --- Agriculture, Cooperative --- Farms --- Local government --- Japan. --- agricultural politics. --- decentralization. --- deregulation. --- institutional change. --- institutionalism. --- market liberalization. --- political economy. --- social organization. --- structural reform.
Choose an application
It is typically assumed that being hard-working or clever is a trait of the person, in the sense that it is always there, in a fixed manner. However, in an experiment with almost 600 boys in India, cues to one's place in the traditional caste order turn out to influence the expression of these traits. The experiment assigned students to different treatments with respect to the salience of caste and had them solve mazes under incentives. It turned out that making caste salient can reduce output by about 25 percent, which is equivalent to twice the effect on output of being one year younger. The channels through which this occurs differ by caste status. For the upper castes, the decline in performance under piece rates can only be explained by a shift in preferences regarding the provision of effort. When the ascriptive caste order is cued, upper-caste individuals may think, "I don't need to excel." In contrast, for the lower castes, which were traditionally "untouchables," publicly revealing caste identity impairs the ability to learn and may lead individuals to think, "I can't (or don't dare to) excel." This paper provides a measure of the impact that ascriptive, hierarchized identities can have on preferences and performance after a society-in its public pronouncements and legislation-has adopted norms of equality in a formal sense. The findings are important because they suggest that when contexts cue identities founded on the superseded rules of a hierarchical institution, the effects on human capital formation and development can be first-order. Contexts that make traditional identities salient are an underemphasized source of impediments to institutional change.
Arts & Music --- Educational Sciences --- Framing effect --- Gender and Social Development --- Institutional change --- Knowledge for Development --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Race in Society --- Randomized experiment --- Social identity --- Stereotype threat
Choose an application
Barber B. Conable, President of the World Bank, discussed how in Mexico, the decade of the Eighties began with a massive increase in the size of government, its ownership and interventions, and with an unmanageable debt. By the decade's end, Mexico had launched one of the most ambitious, courageous and determined programs of economic reform and institutional change recently undertaken in any country, developed or developing. For those whose incomes were eroded and for those who lost their jobs, these last seven years have been an eternity. But the Government of Mexico is keen to broaden human opportunity and create an efficient and mobile economic structure. The stage is set in Mexico for a resumption of growth and the resultant alleviation of hardship. The Government is aware that the benefits of this development should be distributed widely through emphasis on education and human services. The World Bank shares these goals and expect to contribute to their achievement with analysis, advice, our own funds, and help in mobilizing other sources of finance.
Choose an application
The author studies the persistence of inequality and inefficient governance in a physical capital accumulation model with perfect information, missing credit markets, and endogenous barriers to entry. When access to investment opportunities is regulated, rent-seeking entrepreneurs form coalitions of potentially varying size to bribe a regulator to restrict entry. Small coalitions run short of resources, while large coalitions suffer more severe free-rider problems. The distribution of wealth thus determines the equilibrium coalition structure of the economy and consequently the level of regulatory capture. A dynamic analysis supports the persistence of inefficiencies in the long run. Initial conditions determine whether the economy converges to a steady state characterized by efficient governance and low levels of inequality, or a path toward an institutional trap where regulatory capture and wealth inequality reinforce each other. This paper-a product of the Poverty Team, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the determinants of institutions.
Agents --- Bargaining --- Consensus --- Corruption --- Entry --- GDP --- Gi --- Index --- Institutional Change --- Iru --- Licensing --- Ms --- Nature --- Production --- Roads and Highways --- Supply --- Transport --- Vd --- Vdu --- Wealth --- Wealth Constraints --- Zdv
Choose an application
religion --- America --- reilgious life in America --- the personal search for meaning --- religious history --- Institutional change --- academic theology --- academic theology --- psychology --- social friction
Listing 1 - 10 of 35 | << page >> |
Sort by
|