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In the last five years the topic of cyber warfare has received much attention due to several so-called "cyber incidents" which have been qualified by many as State-sponsored cyber attacks. This book identifies rules and limits of cross-border computer network operations for which States bear the international responsibility during both peace and war. It consequently addresses questions on jus ad bellum and jus in bello in addition to State responsibility. By reference to treaty and customary international law, actual case studies (Estonia, Georgia, Stuxnet) and the Tallinn Manual, the author illustrates the applicability of current international law and argues for an obligation on the State to prevent malicious operations emanating from networks within their jurisdiction.This book is written for academics in public international law and practitioners from the military and other public security sectors.

Information warfare (International law) --- International law

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At its current rate, technological development has outpaced corresponding changes in international law. Proposals to remedy this deficiency have been made, in part, by members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (led by the Russian Federation), but the United States and select allies have rejected these proposals, arguing that existing international law already provides a suitable comprehensive framework necessary to tackle cyber-warfare. This book does not contest (and, in fact, supports) the idea that contemporary jus ad bellum and jus in bello, in general, can accommodate cyber-warfare. However, this analysis argues that existing international law contains significant imperfections that can be exploited; gaps, not yet filled, that fail to address future risks posed by cyber-attacks.

INFORMATION WARFARE (INTERNATIONAL LAW) --- CYBERSPACE OPERATIONS (MILITARY SCIENCE)

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In recent years military technology and strategy have developed apace particularly in regards to cyber and space warfare. In 2007 Estonia suffered a month long cyber assault to its digital infrastructure which it is presumed came from Russia in retaliation for the removal of a World War II-era statue of a Soviet soldier from its capital. This was described as some as the first war in cyberspace Web War I. Since then there have been several more cyber attacks on a State and its digital environment, in particular in Iran in 2010 when a worm Stuxnet was identified as having infected and damaged Iran's uranium enrichment plant presumably in an attempt to set back Iran's nuclear programme. This book takes a detailed look at these new theatres of war and considers their relation to international law on the use of force. The use of force, except in cases of self-defence or with the authorisation of a Security Council Resolution, is prohibited under the UN charter and customary international law however, the law of jus ad bellum was developed in a pre-digital era where current technological capabilities could not be conceived of. This book asks whether the law on the use of force is able to deal with legal disputes likely to arise from modern warfare. Among the questions it considers are : What amounts to an armed attack in an age of anti-satellite weaponry and lasers that can cripple satellites ? Does the destruction of a State's vital digital eco-system or the 'blinding' or jamming of military communication satellites constitute a threat ? If so what is the threshold that would enliven the right of self-defence or retaliatory action ? The book argues that while technology has leapt ahead the legal framework has failed to adapt, and as a result the ability of States to legally defend themselves has been impaired.

WAR (INTERNATIONAL LAW) --- USE OF FORCE (INTERNATIONAL LAW) --- INFORMATION WARFARE (INTERNATIONAL LAW) --- CYBERSPACE OPERATIONS (MILITARY SCIENCE)

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Cyber-Attacks and the Exploitable Imperfections of International Law reveals elements of existing jus ad bellum and jus in bello regimes that are unable to accommodate the threats posed by cyber-attacks. It maps out legal gaps, deficiencies, and uncertainties, which international actors may seek to exploit to their political benefit.

Information warfare (International law) --- Cyberspace operations (Military science) --- Cyberspace operations (International law)

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Information warfare --- Information warfare (International law) --- Cyberterrorism --- Psychological warfare --- Military doctrine --- China. --- Public relations.