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During the 20th century, the world experienced an unprecedented rise in people's cognitive abilities. IQs increased 30 points (with the average IQ remaining 100 only because publishers reset the "average" on their tests). Yet, society's ability to confront serious problems in the world seems as challenged as ever. Problems such as air pollution, global climate change, increasing disparity of incomes, disputes that never seem to move toward resolution (such as between the Israelis and Palestinians), and increasing antibiotic resistance-all of these and many other problems seem to defy us, despite our elevated IQs. Why are there so many serious problems still confronting the world? Why is IQ insufficient for solving serious problems where differences in people's interests are at stake? How can intelligence, broadly defined, help us to create a better world and solve the seemingly intractable problems the world confronts? The essays in this book address these questions and provide some directions for answers.

Human information processing. --- Information processing, Human --- Bionics --- Information theory in psychology --- Perception

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Cognitive psychology --- Cognition. --- Human information processing. --- Cognition --- Human information processing --- Information processing, Human --- Bionics --- Information theory in psychology --- Perception --- Psychology

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A 'sample' is not only a concept from statistics that has penetrated common sense but also a metaphor that has inspired much research and theorizing in current psychology. The sampling approach emphasizes the selectivity and the biases that are inherent in the samples of information input with which judges and decision makers are fed. As environmental samples are rarely random, or representative of the world as a whole, decision making calls for censorship and critical evaluation of the data given. However, even the most intelligent decision makers tend to behave like 'näive intuitive statisticians': quite sensitive to the data given but uncritical concerning the source of the data. Thus, the vicissitudes of sampling information in the environment together with the failure to monitor and control sampling effects adequately provide a key to re-interpreting findings obtained in the last two decades of research on judgment and decision making.

Human information processing. --- Cognition. --- Psychology --- Information processing, Human --- Bionics --- Information theory in psychology --- Perception --- Health Sciences --- Psychiatry & Psychology

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Cognitive psychology --- Human information processing --- Emotions and cognition --- Information processing, Human --- Cognition and emotions --- Bionics --- Information theory in psychology --- Perception --- Cognition

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Problem solving --- Human information processing --- Information processing, Human --- Bionics --- Information theory in psychology --- Perception --- Methodology --- Psychology --- Decision making --- Executive functions (Neuropsychology)