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Grippe aviaire --- Influenzavirus A H5N1 --- Virus --- Virus --- Politique sanitaire --- Politique pharmaceutique --- Lobbying --- Prévention --- Épidémiologie --- Coopération internationale --- Coopération internationale --- Grippe aviaire --- Influenzavirus A H5N1 --- Virus --- Virus --- Politique sanitaire --- Politique pharmaceutique --- Lobbying --- Prévention --- Coopération internationale --- Épidémiologie --- Coopération internationale --- Coopération internationale

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Recent years have seen unprecedented outbreaks of avian influenza A viruses. In particular, highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses have not only resulted in widespread outbreaks in domestic poultry, but have been transmitted to humans resulting in numerous fatalities. The rapid expansion in their geographic distribution and the possibility that these viruses could acquire the ability to spread from person to person raise the risk that such a virus could cause a global pandemic with high morbidity and mortality. An effective influenza vaccine represents the best approach to prevent and control such an emerging pandemic. However, current influenza vaccines are directed at existing seasonal influenza viruses, which have limited antigenic relationships to the highly pathogenic H5N1 strains. Concerns about pandemic preparedness have greatly stimulated research activities to develop effective vaccines for pandemic influenza viruses, and to overcome the limitations inherent in current approaches to vaccine production and distribution. These limitations include the use of embryonated chicken eggs as the substrate for vaccine production; which is time-consuming and could involve potential biohazards in growth of new virus strains. Other limitations include the requirement that the current inactivated influenza vaccines be administered using needles and syringes, requiring trained personnel, which could be a bottleneck when attempting to vaccinate large populations in mass campaigns. In addition, the current inactivated vaccines which are delivered by injection elicit limited protective immunity in the upper respiratory tract where the infection process is initiated. Most of these limitations of the current vaccines are being addressed by research on novel approaches to vaccine development and delivery that are described in many of the chapters in this volume.

Disease Outbreaks. --- Influenza vaccines. --- Influenza Vaccines -- therapeutic use. --- Influenza, Human. --- Influenzavirus A. --- Influenza Vaccines --- Influenzavirus A --- Influenza, Human --- Disease Outbreaks --- Orthomyxoviridae --- Viral Vaccines --- Public Health --- Orthomyxoviridae Infections --- Respiratory Tract Infections --- Environment and Public Health --- RNA Viruses --- Vaccines --- Respiratory Tract Diseases --- RNA Virus Infections --- Diseases --- Biological Products --- Virus Diseases --- Viruses --- Health Care --- Vertebrate Viruses --- Complex Mixtures --- Organisms --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Viral vaccines. --- Virus vaccines --- Influenza virus vaccines --- Medicine. --- Immunology. --- Pharmacology. --- Virology. --- Public health. --- Biomedicine. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Public Health. --- Community health --- Health services --- Hygiene, Public --- Hygiene, Social --- Public health services --- Public hygiene --- Sanitary affairs --- Social hygiene --- Health --- Human services --- Biosecurity --- Health literacy --- Medicine, Preventive --- National health services --- Sanitation --- Microbiology --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Medical sciences --- Chemicals --- Chemotherapy --- Drugs --- Pharmacy --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Physiological effect --- Viral vaccines --- Medical virology. --- Toxicology. --- Medicine --- Pharmacology --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Medical microbiology --- Virology --- Virus diseases --- Toxicology

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"The 2009 H1N1 vaccination campaign was one of the largest public health campaigns in U.S. history, vaccinating one-quarter of the population in the first three months. The Institute of Medicine held three workshops in Raleigh, NC; Austin, TX; and Seattle, WA to learn from participants' experiences during the campaign and improve future emergency vaccination programs."

H1N1 influenza --- Influenza vaccines --- Vaccination --- Influenza A virus --- Viral Vaccines --- Immunization Programs --- North America --- Orthomyxoviridae Infections --- Respiratory Tract Infections --- Vaccines --- Immunization --- Immunotherapy, Active --- Respiratory Tract Diseases --- Preventive Health Services --- RNA Virus Infections --- Americas --- Influenzavirus A --- Virus Diseases --- Biological Products --- Health Services --- Orthomyxoviridae --- Primary Prevention --- Diseases --- Geographic Locations --- Community Health Services --- Communicable Disease Control --- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype --- Mass Vaccination --- United States --- Influenza Vaccines --- Influenza, Human --- Geographicals --- Immunotherapy --- Complex Mixtures --- RNA Viruses --- Public Health Practice --- Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Immunologic Techniques --- Public Health --- Vertebrate Viruses --- Health Care --- Immunomodulation --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Investigative Techniques --- Viruses --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Biological Therapy --- Environment and Public Health --- Organisms --- Therapeutics --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Communicable Diseases --- Prevention --- Vaccination. --- H1N1 flu --- Novel H1N1 flu --- Novel H1N1 influenza --- Novel influenza A --- Swine flu (H1N1) --- Swine influenza (H1N1) --- Swine influenza

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This book contains comprehensive and updated information on how to perform Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease diagnosis from the suspicion in the field to the characterisation of isolates. It provides guidelines to outbreak management, field investigation, necropsy techniques, sampling methods and complete laboratory diagnosis, including molecular methods. The outstanding images collected from field outbreaks, including clinical and pathological findings, and the selection of laboratory protocols make this publication unique. It will therefore be an invaluable tool for all veterinarians, scientists, animal health professionals, and public health officials involved in the management of these infections.                           .

Avian influenza. --- Avian influenza --- Newcastle disease --- Poultry --- Influenza in Birds --- Influenza A virus --- Newcastle Disease --- Disease Outbreaks --- Influenzavirus A --- Bird Diseases --- Meat --- Avulavirus Infections --- Animals, Domestic --- Orthomyxoviridae Infections --- Public Health --- Poultry Diseases --- Birds --- Animal Diseases --- RNA Virus Infections --- Orthomyxoviridae --- Vertebrates --- Animal Population Groups --- Food --- Environment and Public Health --- Paramyxoviridae Infections --- Animals --- RNA Viruses --- Health Care --- Mononegavirales Infections --- Chordata --- Virus Diseases --- Diseases --- Food and Beverages --- Eukaryota --- Vertebrate Viruses --- Technology, Industry, Agriculture --- Viruses --- Organisms --- Medicine - General --- Veterinary Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Medicine --- Diagnosis --- Epidemiology --- Virus diseases --- Diagnosis. --- Epidemiology. --- Virus diseases. --- Virus diseases in poultry --- Avian pneumoencephalitis --- Fowl pest --- Avian flu --- Bird flu --- Fowl plague --- Influenza in birds --- Medicine. --- Laboratory medicine. --- Virology. --- Health promotion. --- Infectious diseases. --- Veterinary medicine. --- Biomedicine. --- Laboratory Medicine. --- Veterinary Medicine. --- Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. --- Infectious Diseases. --- Influenza --- Medical laboratories. --- Emerging infectious diseases. --- Medical virology. --- Veterinary Medicine/Veterinary Science. --- Emerging infections --- New infectious diseases --- Re-emerging infectious diseases --- Reemerging infectious diseases --- Communicable diseases --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Farriery --- Large animal medicine --- Large animal veterinary medicine --- Livestock medicine --- Veterinary science --- Animal health --- Domestic animals --- Livestock --- Medical microbiology --- Virology --- Diagnosis, Laboratory --- Health facilities --- Laboratories --- Losses --- Health Workforce --- Microbiology --- Health promotion programs --- Health promotion services --- Promotion of health --- Wellness programs --- Preventive health services --- Health education --- Clinical medicine --- Clinical pathology --- Diagnostic laboratory tests --- Laboratory diagnosis --- Laboratory medicine --- Medical laboratory diagnosis