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Mineral industries -- Latin America --- Mineral industries -- South America --- Mine management

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Industrial economics --- Agronomy --- Food science and technology --- Third World: agricultural and food problems --- Latin America --- North America --- Agricultural industries --- United States --- Developing countries: agricultural and food problems --- Agricultural industries - United States --- Agricultural industries - Latin America --- United States of America

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Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Latin America provides an overview of the evolution of distortions to agricultural incentives caused by price and trade policies in five economies of South America plus the Dominican Republic, Nicaragua, and Mexico. Together these countries comprise about 80 percent of the region's population, agricultural output, and overall GDP. The new empirical indicators in these country studies provide a strong evidence-based foundation for assessing the successes and failures of the past and for evaluating policy options for the years ahead.

Agriculture and state --- Agricultural subsidies --- Agricultural industries --- Politique agricole --- Aide de l'État à l'agriculture --- Industries agricoles --- Agriculture and state. --- Agricultural Economics --- Business & Economics --- Aide de l'État à l'agriculture --- Agribusiness --- Farm subsidies --- Subsidies --- Industries --- Agriculture and state - Latin America --- Agricultural subsidies - Latin America --- Agricultural industries - Latin America

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The oil price decline creates an opportunity to dismantle energy subsidies, which escalated with high oil prices. This paper assesses energy subsidies in Latin America and the Caribbean—about 1.8 percent of GDP in 2011–13 (approximately evenly split between fuel and electricity), and about 3.8 percent of GDP including negative externalities. Countries with poorer institutions subsidize more. Energy-rich countries subsidize fuel more, but low-income countries are more likely to subsidize electricity, as are Central America and the Caribbean. Energy subsidies impose fiscal costs, hurting SOEs, competitiveness, and distribution. The paper overviews country experience with subsidy reform, drawing lessons.

Energy industries -- Caribbean Area. --- Energy industries -- Latin America. --- Fiscal policy -- Caribbean Area. --- Fiscal policy -- Latin America. --- Government business enterprises -- Caribbean Area. --- Government business enterprises -- Latin America. --- Natural resources -- Caribbean Area. --- Natural resources -- Latin America. --- Natural resources --- Energy industries --- Fiscal policy --- Government business enterprises --- National resources --- Resources, Natural --- Economic aspects --- Resource-based communities --- Resource curse --- Industries --- Power resources --- Nationalized companies --- Parastatals --- Public enterprises --- State-owned enterprises --- Business enterprises --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Economic policy --- Finance, Public --- Government policy --- E-books --- Investments: Energy --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Energy: Demand and Supply --- Prices --- Electric Utilities --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Energy industries & utilities --- Investment & securities --- Public finance & taxation --- Energy subsidies --- Fuel prices --- Electricity --- Tariffs --- Oil prices --- Expenditure --- Commodities --- Taxes --- Expenditures, Public --- Electric utilities --- Tariff --- Dominican Republic