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2011 (2)

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Book
Sistemas de calidad y estandares hacia la construccion de ventaja competitiva
Authors: --- --- ---
Year: 2008 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,

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Abstract

Este libro plantea la urgente necesidad de que los paises avancen con determinacion en la adopcion y mejora tanto de la calidad como de los estandares. El enfoque esta puesto en los paises en desarrollo, muchos de los cuales van atrasados en la carrera por la adopcion de estandares, y dentro de esa categoria, en los paises de ingreso mediano. El texto analiza el impacto economico de la calidad y los estandares en el crecimiento economico, en el comercio internacional y como punto de entrada hacia la actualizacion e integracion de las pequenas empresas. Ofrece lineamientos detallados para la creacion de sistemas nacionales de calidad que pueden dar un respaldo eficaz al uso y adopcion de estandares. Describe la estructura optima para un sistema nacional de calidad, evalua las funciones especificas de los sectores privado y publico, y propone lineamientos y normas de buenas practicas para tales roles. Tambien alude al tema del financiamiento, inclusive el alcance y la justificacion de los subsidios focalizados, asi como cuestiones de jurisdiccion. Se da especial enfasis a la integracion internacional a traves de convenios de reconocimiento mutuo que mejoran el acceso a los mercados externos, un objetivo clave para los paises en desarrollo.


Book
Marshallian Externality, Industrial Upgrading, and Industrial Policies
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2011 Publisher: Washington, D.C., The World Bank,

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Abstract

A growth model with multiple industries is developed to study how industries evolve as capital accumulates endogenously when each industry exhibits Marshallian externality (increasing returns to scale) and to explain why industrial policies sometimes succeed but sometimes fail. The authors show that, in the long run, the laissez-faire market equilibrium is Pareto optimal when the time discount rate is sufficiently small or sufficiently large. When the time discount rate is moderate, there exist multiple dynamic market equilibria with diverse patterns of industrial development. To achieve Pareto efficiency, it would require the government to identify the industry target consistent with the comparative advantage and to coordinate in a timely manner, possibly for multiple times. However, industrial policies may make people worse off than in the market equilibrium if the government picks an industry that deviates from the comparative advantage of the economy.


Book
Marshallian Externality, Industrial Upgrading, and Industrial Policies
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2011 Publisher: Washington, D.C., The World Bank,

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Export citation

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Bookmark

Abstract

A growth model with multiple industries is developed to study how industries evolve as capital accumulates endogenously when each industry exhibits Marshallian externality (increasing returns to scale) and to explain why industrial policies sometimes succeed but sometimes fail. The authors show that, in the long run, the laissez-faire market equilibrium is Pareto optimal when the time discount rate is sufficiently small or sufficiently large. When the time discount rate is moderate, there exist multiple dynamic market equilibria with diverse patterns of industrial development. To achieve Pareto efficiency, it would require the government to identify the industry target consistent with the comparative advantage and to coordinate in a timely manner, possibly for multiple times. However, industrial policies may make people worse off than in the market equilibrium if the government picks an industry that deviates from the comparative advantage of the economy.

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