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Indirect rule - the British colonial policy of employing indigenous tribal chiefs as political intermediaries - has typically been understood by scholars as little more than an expedient solution to imperial personnel shortages. A reexamination of the history of indirect rule in South Africa reveals it to have been much more: an ideological strategy designed to win legitimacy for colonial officials. Indirect rule became the basic template from which segregation and apartheid emerged during the twentieth century and set the stage for a post-apartheid debate over African political identity and 'traditional authority' that continues to shape South African politics today. This new study, based on firsthand field research and archival material only recently made available to scholars, unveils the inner workings of South African segregation. Drawing influence from a range of political theorists including Machiavelli, Marx, Weber, Althusser, and Zizek, Myers develops a groundbreaking understanding of the ways in which leaders struggle to legitimize themselves through the costuming of political power. J. C. Myers is associate professor of political science at California State University, Stanislaus.

Power (Social sciences) --- #SBIB:328H413 --- #SBIB:39A73 --- #SBIB:96G --- Empowerment (Social sciences) --- Political power --- Exchange theory (Sociology) --- Political science --- Social sciences --- Sociology --- Consensus (Social sciences) --- Instellingen en beleid: Zuid-Afrika --- Etnografie: Afrika --- Geschiedenis van Afrika --- South Africa --- Politics and government --- African Political Identity. --- Apartheid. --- British Colonial Policy. --- Colonial Officials. --- Indigenous Tribal Chiefs. --- Indirect Rule. --- Segregation. --- South African Leaders. --- Traditional Authority.

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"In Modernism's Magic Hat, Ijlal Muzaffar examines how modern architects and planners help resolve one of the central dilemmas of the mid-twentieth-century world order: how to make decolonization plausible without accounting for centuries of capital drain under colonial rule. In the years after the Second World War, architects and planners found extensive opportunities in new international institutions--such as the World Bank, the UN, and the Ford Foundation--and helped shape new models of global intervention that displaced the burden of change onto the inhabitants. Muzaffar argues that architecture in this domain didn't just symbolically represent power, but formed the material domain through which new modes of power acquired sense. Looking at a series of architectural projects across the world, from housing in Ghana to village planning in Nigeria and urban planning in Venezuela and Pakistan, Muzaffar explores how architects and planners shaped new ideas of time, land, climate, and the decolonizing body, making them appear as sources of untapped value. What resulted, Muzaffar argues, is a widespread belief in spontaneous Third World "development" without capital, which continues to foreclose any global discussion of colonial theft"--

Imperialisme et architecture --- Decolonisation. --- Architecture --- Decolonization. --- Architecture and state. --- Decolonization --- Economic development projects --- Imperialism and architecture --- City planning --- Histoire --- Politique gouvernementale. --- History --- Political aspects --- post-World War II, Bretton Woods, Materiality, Race, Tropical Architecture, Sustainability, Design, Self-help, Scarcity, Value, Risk, Quality, Quantity, Pattern, Core, Roof, Climatic, Modernism, Land, Property, Indirect Rule.

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White Chief, Black Lords explores the tensions and contradictions between the British colonial civilizing mission and the practice of indirect rule. While the colonial imperative was to transform colonized societies and bring them within "civilized" norms, fiscal limitations frequently resulted in ruling through indigenous authorities and customs. In this book, Thomas McClendon analyzes this deep contradiction by looking at several crises and key turning points in the early decades of colonial rule in the British colony of Natal, later part of South Africa. He focuses a keen eye on the tenure of Theophilus Shepstone as that colony's Secretary for Native affairs, examining his interactions with subject African communities.
In a series of case studies, including high drama over rebellions by African "chiefs" and their followers and intense debates over the control of witchcraft, White Chief, Black Lords shows that these colonial imperatives led to a self-defeating conundrum. In the process of attempting to rule through African leaders and norms yet to discipline and transform African subjects, the colonial state inevitably was itself transformed and became, in part, an African state. McClendon concludes by spotlighting the continuing importance of these unresolved contradictions in post-apartheid South Africa.

Thomas McClendon is Professor of History at Southwestern University in Georgetown, Texas.

Colonies --- Anti-colonialism --- Colonial affairs --- Colonialism --- Neocolonialism --- Imperialism --- Non-self-governing territories --- Colonization --- History. --- Shepstone, Theophilus, --- KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) --- Province of KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) --- KwaZulu-Natal Province (South Africa) --- Natal (South Africa) --- Kwazulu (South Africa) --- History --- Politics and government --- Great Britain --- Administration. --- Kolonialismus. --- Colonial administrators. --- British colonies. --- Colonial administrators --- Civil service, Colonial --- Government executives --- Colonial administration --- Public administration --- Shepstone, Theophilus. --- Natal (Südafrika) --- South Africa --- South Africa. --- Africa. --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Africa, South --- African "chiefs". --- African communities. --- British colonial civilizing mission. --- Colonial Natal. --- Theophilus Shepstone. --- colonial imperatives. --- indirect rule. --- post-apartheid South Africa. --- witchcraft.