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This book is a collection of the articles published the Special Issue of ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information on “Citizen Science and Geospatial Capacity Building”. The articles cover a wide range of topics regarding the applications of citizen science from a geospatial technology perspective. Several applications show the importance of Citizen Science (CitSci) and volunteered geographic information (VGI) in various stages of geodata collection, processing, analysis and visualization; and for demonstrating the capabilities, which are covered in the book. Particular emphasis is given to various problems encountered in the CitSci and VGI projects with a geospatial aspect, such as platform, tool and interface design, ontology development, spatial analysis and data quality assessment. The book also points out the needs and future research directions in these subjects, such as; (a) data quality issues especially in the light of big data; (b) ontology studies for geospatial data suited for diverse user backgrounds, data integration, and sharing; (c) development of machine learning and artificial intelligence based online tools for pattern recognition and object identification using existing repositories of CitSci and VGI projects; and (d) open science and open data practices for increasing the efficiency, decreasing the redundancy, and acknowledgement of all stakeholders.

Research & information: general --- participatory toponyms --- knowledge sharing --- public participation --- citizen science --- geospatial capacity building --- volunteered geographic information --- social media --- spatiotemporal bias --- CitSci --- earthquake --- intensity mapping --- disaster mitigation --- spatial kriging --- volunteered geographic information (VGI) --- data contribution activities --- spatial and temporal patterns --- biases --- eBird --- community-based geoportal --- crowdsourced earth observation product --- remote sensing --- spatial data infrastructure (SDI) --- crowdsourced data quality --- GeoWeb --- outdoor air pollution --- symptom mapping --- data quality --- web application --- water quality --- community-based monitoring --- machine learning --- Indian monsoon --- Jacobin cuckoo --- Maxent --- species distribution model --- habitat suitability --- range expansion --- WorldClim --- CMIP --- crowdsourcing --- participatory GIS

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River catchments and reservoirs play a central role in water security, food supply, flood risk management, hydropower generation, and ecosystem services; however, they are now under increasing pressure from population growth, economic activities, and changing climate means and extremes in many parts of the world. Adaptive management of river catchments and reservoirs requires an in-depth understanding of the impacts of future uncertainties and thus the development of robust, sustainable solutions to meet the needs of various stakeholders and the environment. To tackle the huge challenges in moving towards adaptive catchment management, this book presents the latest developments in cutting-edge knowledge, novel methodologies, innovative management strategies, and case studies, focusing on the following themes: reservoir dynamics and impact analysis of dam construction, optimal reservoir operation, climate change impacts on hydrological processes and water management, and integrated catchment management.

downscaling --- suspended sediment concentration --- modeling --- South-to-North Water Transfer Project --- sensitivity analysis --- simulation --- protection zone --- reservoirs --- mussel --- sediment regime --- resilience and robustness --- optimal flood control operation --- multi-objective model --- optimization --- scenario analysis --- floodplain vertical shape index --- aftereffect --- lentic habitats --- energy --- stochastic linear programming --- ?-constrained method --- Tekeze basin --- runoff --- cascade reservoirs --- costs and benefits --- sediment flushing efficiency --- vulnerability --- Heihe River Basin --- TB-MPC --- heating impact --- flushing efficiency --- system dynamics --- Indian Monsoon --- shaft spillway pipe --- integrated supply system modeling --- seasonal rainfall --- sediment management --- design and operation of the multipurpose reservoir --- Kappa distribution --- CO2 --- reliability --- uncertainty --- Yangtze River --- Markov chain --- the Yangtze River --- Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) model --- land and water resources --- integrated surface water-groundwater model --- Heilongjiang --- Kurobe River --- flow regime --- numerical simulation --- long distance water diversion --- tropical reservoir --- multi-stage stochastic optimization --- direct policy search --- inverted siphon --- environmental flow --- parameterization --- accompanying progressive optimality algorithm --- integrated management --- hydropower stations --- differential evolution algorithm --- sediment flushing of empty storage --- back propagation neural network --- NSGA-II --- two-dimensional bed evolution model --- real-time control --- upper Chao Phraya River Basin --- CMIP5 --- genetic algorithm --- dam --- irrigation --- CMIP3 --- water energy --- discharge --- the Jingjiang River Reach --- water environmental capacity (WEC) --- climate change --- shortage ratio: Vulnerability --- optimal scheduling --- hydrology --- Siemianówka --- ungauged basin --- game theory --- power function --- SWAT --- Dokan Dam --- natural flow regime --- bitterling --- reservoir flushing --- vertical profiles of concentration --- ratio curve --- partial gauged basin --- sediment load --- adaptive management --- water deficit --- the upper Yangtze River Basin --- Miyun Reservoir --- parameter relation --- stochastic dynamic programming --- NPP --- runoff response --- Narew River --- coupling model --- Langcang-Mekong River --- drinking water resources --- the Huangshi Reservoir --- reverse regulation --- nutrient uptake --- water resources allocation --- multi-agent of river basin --- HEC-ResPRM --- dynamic programming with progressive optimality algorithm (DP-POA) --- reservoir operation --- sea surface temperatures --- reservoir simulation model --- SWAT model --- El Niño/Southern Oscillation --- CORDEX-Africa --- hedging policy --- multi-objective optimization NSGA II --- reservoir --- general regression neural network --- flood control --- Jingjiang River Reach --- catchment modelling