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This study explores the egalitarian policies pursued in the provinces during the radical phase of the French Revolution, but moves away from the habit of looking at such issues in terms of the Terror alone. It challenges revisionist readings of Jacobinism that dwell on its totalitarian potential or portray it as dangerously utopian. The mainstream Jacobin agenda emphasised 'fair shares' and equal opportunities for all in a private ownership market economy. It sought to achieve social justice without jeopardising human rights and tended thus to complement, rather than undermine, the liberal, individualist programme of the Revolution. The book stresses the relevance of the 'Enlightenment legacy', the close affinity between Girondins and Montagnards, the key role played by many lesser-known figures and the moral ascendancy of Robespierre. It reassesses the basic social and economic issues at stake in the Revolution, which cannot be understood solely in terms of political discourse.
Income distribution --- Equality --- History --- France --- Economic conditions --- 18th century --- Revolution, 1789-1799 --- Arts and Humanities --- Income distribution - France - History - 18th century --- Equality - France - History - 18th century --- France - Economic conditions - 18th century --- France - History - Revolution, 1789-1799 --- Egalitarianism --- Inequality --- Social equality --- Social inequality --- Political science --- Sociology --- Democracy --- Liberty --- Distribution of income --- Income inequality --- Inequality of income --- Distribution (Economic theory) --- Disposable income
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Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Income distribution --- Equality --- International economic relations --- Revenu --- Inegalites sociales --- Relations économiques internationales --- History --- Répartition --- Histoire --- France --- Intellectual life --- Vie intellectuelle --- sociologie --- revenus --- niveau de vie --- politique sociale --- 301.172.1 --- developpement economique --- inkomens --- levensstandaard --- sociale politiek --- sociale ongelijkheid - sociale stratificatie --- economische ontwikkeling --- International economic relations. --- History. --- Relations économiques internationales --- Répartition --- Inégalité --- Economic policy, Foreign --- Economic relations, Foreign --- Economics, International --- Foreign economic policy --- Foreign economic relations --- Interdependence of nations --- International economic policy --- International economics --- New international economic order --- Economic policy --- International relations --- Economic sanctions --- Distribution of income --- Income inequality --- Inequality of income --- Distribution (Economic theory) --- Disposable income --- Egalitarianism --- Inequality --- Social equality --- Social inequality --- Political science --- Sociology --- Democracy --- Liberty --- Intellectual life. --- Income distribution - France - History --- Equality - France - History --- France - Intellectual life
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[2e éd.] La question des inégalités est au coeur de la vie politique française. On a dit et écrit tout et son contraire sur ce sujet. La somme proposée ici sera, sans conteste, l'ouvrage de référence sur la question. Ce livre dresse le tableau d'un siècle d'inégalités. Il montre que, contrairement à une idée reçue, l'inégalité des salaires et restée sensiblement la même en France tout au long du XXème siècle : le pouvoir d'achat a été multiplié par 5, mais la hiérarchie n'a pratiquement pas changé. L'inégalité totale des revenus a fortement diminué au cours des années 1914-1945, mais cette baisse est due pour l'essentiel aux chocs subis par les revenus du capital (destructions, inflation, crise des années 1930), et non pas à un processus économique « naturel ». La concentration des fortunes et des revenus du capital n'a par la suite jamais retrouvé le niveau astronomique qui était le sien à la veille de la Première Guerre mondiale, ce qui semble s'expliquer par l'impact de l'impôt progressif sur l'accumulation et la reconstitution de patrimoines importants. En l'absence de ces chocs et de l'impôt progressif, il est probable que la France n'aurait pas quitté de sitôt le sommet inégalitaire du début du siècle. Thomas Piketty, qui se fonde notamment sur une exploitation systématique de sources fiscales permettant de couvrir l'ensemble du siècle (déclarations de revenus, de salaires et de successions), analyse également comment les perceptions de ces inégalités ont évolué de 1901 à 1998 (« fin des rentiers », « montée des cadres », etc..). La question des inégalités apparaît alors comme une véritable grille de lecture de l'histoire générale de la France au XXème siècle.
Income --- anno 1900-1999 --- France --- Income distribution --- Taxation --- Revenu --- Impôts --- History --- Histoire --- Répartition --- Income tax --- Equality --- 338 <09> <44> --- -Income distribution --- -Personal income tax --- Taxable income --- Taxation of income --- Direct taxation --- Internal revenue --- Progressive taxation --- Tithes --- Wages --- Distribution of income --- Income inequality --- Inequality of income --- Distribution (Economic theory) --- Disposable income --- Family income --- Fortunes --- Household income --- Personal income --- Economics --- Finance --- Property --- Wealth --- Gross national product --- Profit --- Purchasing power --- Economische geschiedenis--Frankrijk --- -History --- -Taxation --- 338 <09> <44> Economische geschiedenis--Frankrijk --- -Economische geschiedenis--Frankrijk --- -338 <09> <44> --- -Income --- Impôts --- Répartition --- Economic History - Wages - Fiscality. --- Personal income tax --- Income distribution - France - History - 20th century --- Income tax - France - History - 20th century --- Income - France - History - 20th century --- Equality - France - History - 20th century
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