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Metals --- Fatigue. --- Defects. --- Inclusions. --- Impurities in metals --- Inclusions in metals --- Fatigue of metals --- Metal fatigue --- Impurities

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This book reviews the recent development of fabrication methods and various properties of lotus-type porous metals and their applications. The nucleation and growth mechanism of the directional pores in metals are discussed in comparison with a model experiment of carbon dioxide pores in ice. Three casting techniques are introduced to produce not only metals and alloys but also intermetallic compounds, semiconductors, and ceramics: mold casting, continuous zone melting, and continuous casting. The latter has merits for mass production of lotus metals to control porosity, pore size and pore direction. Furthermore, anisotropic behavior of elastic, mechanical properties, thermal and electrical conductivity, magnetic properties, and biocompatibility are introduced as peculiar features of lotus metals.

Foamed metals. --- Polymer. --- Porous metals. --- Porous materials --- Metals --- Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Materials Science --- Nanostructured materials. --- Porous materials. --- Metallic composites. --- Inclusions. --- Metal composites --- Metal matrix composites --- Porous media --- Nanomaterials --- Nanometer materials --- Nanophase materials --- Nanostructure controlled materials --- Nanostructure materials --- Ultra-fine microstructure materials --- Impurities in metals --- Inclusions in metals --- Impurities --- Materials science. --- Nanotechnology. --- Metals. --- Materials Science. --- Metallic Materials. --- Nanotechnology and Microengineering. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Materials --- Porosity --- Composite materials --- Microstructure --- Nanotechnology --- Materials. --- Engineering. --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Physics --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Engineering --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Material science --- Physical sciences --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- High technology --- Metallic elements --- Chemical elements --- Ores --- Metallurgy