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eebo-0018

Ammunition --- Incendiary weapons.

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militaire technologie --- Military engineering --- Toxicology --- Incendiary weapons --- Armes incendiaires --- History --- Histoire

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Whilst the greatest effort has been made to ensure the quality of this text, due to the historical nature of this content, in some rare cases there may be minor issues with legibility. Research for this volume was greatly facilitated by personnel of the World War II Records Division, National Archives, especially Mrs.

Chemical warfare --- World War, 1939-1945 --- Smoke screens. --- Flame throwers. --- History --- Chemical warfare. --- United States. --- World War (1939-1945) --- Firearms --- Incendiary weapons --- Smoke (Military science) --- CBR warfare --- Chemistry in warfare --- Air warfare --- War --- Chemistry --- U.S. Army Chemical Corps

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Napalm, incendiary gel that sticks to skin and burns to the bone, came into the world on Valentine's Day 1942 at a secret Harvard war research laboratory. On March 9, 1945, it created an inferno that killed over 87,500 people in Tokyo-more than died in the atomic explosions at Hiroshima or Nagasaki. It went on to incinerate sixty-four of Japan's largest cities. The Bomb got the press, but napalm did the work. After World War II, the incendiary held the line against communism in Greece and Korea-Napalm Day led the 1950 counter-attack from Inchon-and fought elsewhere under many flags. Americans generally applauded, until the Vietnam War. Today, napalm lives on as a pariah: a symbol of American cruelty and the misguided use of power, according to anti-war protesters in the 1960's and popular culture from Apocalypse Now to the punk band Napalm Death and British street artist Banksy. Its use by Serbia in 1994 and by the United States in Iraq in 2003 drew condemnation. United Nations delegates judged deployment against concentrations of civilians a war crime in 1980. After thirty-one years, America joined the global consensus, in 2011. Robert Neer has written the first history of napalm, from its inaugural test on the Harvard College soccer field, to a Marine Corps plan to attack Japan with millions of bats armed with tiny napalm time bombs, to the reflections of Phan Thi Kim Phuc, a girl who knew firsthand about its power and its morality.

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