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Quiconque n’est pas choqué par la théorie quantique ne la comprend pas. » La phrase de Niels Bohr s’applique merveilleusement à la notion mystérieuse forgée par Erwin Schrödinger en 1935, l’intrication : deux particules sont capables de s’influencer instantanément, quel que soit leur éloignement. Einstein refusait cette « fantomatique action à distance », mais Anton Zeilinger prouva son existence lors de magistrales expériences menées avec des photons, d’abord sous le Danube, puis sur 150 km entre deux sommets des îles Canaries ! L’auteur lève ici un coin du voile en expliquant pas à pas comment il a procédé et l’extraordinaire portée de ses travaux. Il détaille en outre la puissance de l’intrication, qui, au cœur de la nouvelle révolution quantique en cours, pourrait bien bouleverser notre façon de communiquer, de mesurer et de calculer demain. Si la téléportation, les inégalités de Bell et le paradoxe EPR titillent votre curiosité, alors ce livre est fait pour vous !
Quantum theory. --- Quantum teleportation. --- Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen experiment. --- Bell's theorem. --- Théorie quantique. --- Intrication quantique. --- Téléportation quantique. --- Paradoxe EPR. --- Inégalités de Bell. --- Einstein, Albert, --- Podolsky, Boris, --- Rosen, Nathan,
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It was not a question of whether light should be pictured as waves or particles, or atoms as solar systems, but of whether the microworld could be pictured at all. The famous debate between Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr reached beyond quantum physics to the deepest foundations of science. Faced with the ever more perplexing ‘irrationalities’, Bohr, Einstein, and their followers fell into two broadly opposed camps. Bohr’s approach of ‘complementarity’ accommodated the apparent absurdities of the microworld, declared quantum concepts to be purely ‘symbolic’, and insisted that the manifestation of quantum phenomena in experiment be discussed only in the language of classical physics. He asserted that quantum theory was mathematically coherent and complete. Einstein could not accept Bohr’s ‘tranquilizing philosophy’, which dealt in probabilities rather than certainties. He insisted that physicists look more deeply for the causes of entanglement and rejected the spooky actions at a distance that this implies. Their discussion, respectful and profound, reached stasis in the mid-1930s with the apparent victory of Bohr, while attention shifted to nuclear and particle physics. But their arguments continued to reverberate, and later physicists identified testable consequences of the theory. Ingenious experiments have now confirmed its radical strangeness. Vividly capturing the personalities and interactions of a remarkable cast of characters, the prevailing socio-political circumstances, and threaded through with explanations of theory and experiment, this erudite and carefully crafted telling by Jim Baggott and John Heilbron may prove to be the definitive account of the Bohr–Einstein debate and its legacy.
Physics --- Quantum theory --- Bell's theorem. --- Physique --- Théorie quantique --- Inégalités de Bell. --- History --- History. --- Histoire --- Histoire. --- Einstein, Albert, --- Bohr, Niels, --- Einstein, Albert, --- Bohr, Niels,
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The educated public have long been regaled with "the mysteries of quantum physics", which enshroud far-flung claims about the fundamental nature of matter. These rely on a stunning proposition of quantum theory arising in the 1960s and contested through the subsequent sixty years: that the probabilities deriving from it defy a mathematical inequality known as Bell's inequality. John Bell himself, who formulated the problem, was puzzled by the result, and surmised that in time we would discover what is wrong with its characterisation of the matter.In this book, Frank Lad claims to have identified the mathematical error that gives rise to the misunderstanding. Addressed as a challenge to the physics community, its content is accessible to any generally educated reader who is familiar with university-level concepts of linear algebra and functions of several variables. Understanding of complete mathematical detail is not required for appreciation. Largely ignored and dismissed by the scientific community of professional physicists, here is the background to the result, and the resolution to the controversy.
Mathematical physics. --- Bell's theorem. --- Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen experiment. --- Quantum theory. --- Thought experiments. --- Science --- Creative ability in science. --- Physique mathématique. --- Inégalités de Bell. --- Paradoxe EPR. --- Théorie quantique. --- Expériences de pensée --- Créativité en sciences. --- Sciences --- Physics --- Experiments. --- Physique. --- Expériences. --- Bell, J. S. --- Bell, John Stewart,
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