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"This edited collection brings together essays that explore personal debts to government. Intensive collection efforts by governments in need of revenue often cause hardship, whether it is the poor in the US going to jail because of unpaid fines, low-income English people being evicted because they paid their council taxes but could then not pay their rent, or poor former students having tax refunds or social benefits taken by the government when they have defaulted on their student loans. Student loans, fines and fee arising from the justice system, benefit overpayments and unpaid taxes have all ballooned in the past decade, but no other volume comprehensively addresses the various ways in which governments have become privileged creditors, using their power to collect debts owed to them by their citizens. With each essay emphasizing a particular kind of debt to government, the book focuses on what happens when citizens cannot pay the debts they owe to their governments. Contributors offer pragmatic options to facilitate a movement to soften the stance of governments toward those who owe them money. The insights in this collection will be of relevance to students and academics in criminology, sociology, public policy, and economics, as well as policymakers and government officials interested in effecting change in this area"--
Social problems --- Public finance --- Criminology. Victimology --- Loans, Personal. --- Debt. --- Debt, Imprisonment for. --- Debt, Imprisonment for --- Imprisonment for debt --- Imprisonment --- Indebtedness --- Finance --- Consumer loans --- Loans, Consumer --- Loans, Small --- Personal loans --- Small loans --- Consumer credit --- Loans --- Law and legislation
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"Throughout the eighteenth-century hundreds of thousands of men and women were cast into prison for failing to pay their debts. This apparently illogical system where debtors were kept away from their places of work remained popular with creditors into the nineteenth century even as Britain witnessed industrialisation, market growth, and the increasing sophistication of commerce, as the debtors' prisons proved surprisingly effective. Due to insufficient early modern currency, almost every exchange was reliant upon the use of credit based upon personal reputation rather than defined collateral, making the lives of traders inherently precarious as they struggled to extract payments based on little more than promises. This book shows how traders turned to debtors' prisons to give those promises defined consequences, the system functioning as a tool of coercive contract enforcement rather than oppression of the poor. Credit and Debt demonstrates for the first time the fundamental contribution of debt imprisonment to the early modern economy and reveals how traders made use of existing institutions to alleviate the instabilities of commerce in the context of unprecedented market growth. This book will be of interest to scholars and researchers in economic history and early modern British history"--
Finance, Personal --- Credit --- Debt, Imprisonment for --- History --- History18th century --- Imprisonment for debt --- Imprisonment --- Borrowing --- Finance --- Money --- Loans --- Financial management, Personal --- Financial planning, Personal --- Personal finance --- Personal financial management --- Personal financial planning --- Financial literacy --- Law and legislation --- Planning --- Finance, Personal - Great Britain - History - 18th century --- Credit - Great Britain - History - 18th century --- Debt, Imprisonment for - Great Britain - History18th century
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This volume draws on over 60 in-depth interviews with key policymakers to tease out the beliefs, traditions, and political processes that propelled the creation, contestation, and ultimate demise of the Imprisonment for Public Protection (IPP) sentence.
Debt, Imprisonment for --- Indeterminate sentences --- Indefinite sentences --- Indeterminate sentence --- Sentences, Indeterminate --- Prison sentences --- Mandatory sentences --- Imprisonment for debt --- Imprisonment --- Law and legislation --- Great Britain. --- Anglia --- Angliyah --- Briṭanyah --- England and Wales --- Förenade kungariket --- Grã-Bretanha --- Grande-Bretagne --- Grossbritannien --- Igirisu --- Iso-Britannia --- Marea Britanie --- Nagy-Britannia --- Prydain Fawr --- Royaume-Uni --- Saharātchaʻānāčhak --- Storbritannien --- United Kingdom --- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland --- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland --- Velikobritanii͡ --- Wielka Brytania --- Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta --- Northern Ireland --- Scotland --- Wales
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