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Doelstellingen: In deze masterproef ligt de nadruk op de 'Face Threatening Acts' (FTA's). Het doel is om na te gaan of er hieromtrent verschillen bestaan in de tolkprestatie van mannelijke en vrouwelijke tolken aan het Europees Parlement. Middelen of methode: Dit onderzoek bestaat uit twee hoofdbestanddelen: eerst hebben we een literatuurstudie uitgevoerd om daarna zelf een empirische studie te verrichten. In het eerste hoofdstuk van de literatuurstudie werden de verschillen tussen mannen en vrouwen m.b.t. het taalgebruik beschreven. Hierbij werden eerst de biologische en de sociale invalshoek in beeld gebracht om daarna de nadruk te leggen op de tegenstelling 'dominantie-ondergeschiktheid', die respectievelijk mannen en vrouwen kenmerkt. In het tweede hoofdstuk werden de zogenaamde 'Politeness-theory' en 'Impoliteness-theory' beschreven, om in het derde hoofdstuk de link te leggen met het beroep van de simultane tolk. Op basis van de theorie konden we de hypothese vormen dat vrouwelijke tolken FTA's meer zouden afzwakken, terwijl mannelijke tolken een letterlijke weergave verkiezen. Deze hypothese werd nagegaan in het vierde hoofdstuk aan de hand van eigen transcripties van bijdragen aan de plenaire sessies aan het Europees Parlement. Alle FTA's werden uit de transcripties gehaald en in vijf verschillende categorieën opgedeeld volgens het model van Culpeper. Vervolgens werd nagegaan welke strategieën gebruikt worden bij de vertolking van deze FTA's. Op deze manier konden we nagaan of er significante verschillen bestaan tussen de aanpak van mannelijke en vrouwelijke tolken. Resultaten: Uit onze resultaten blijkt dat onze hypothese grotendeels bevestigd wordt. Mannelijke tolken geven in 73,3% van de gevallen een letterlijke reproductie van de FTA weer, terwijl dit percentage bij vrouwelijke tolken op 54% ligt. Mannen kiezen ook vaker dan vrouwen voor een versterking van de FTA in de tolkprestatie: 5% tegenover 2,7%. Tevens ligt het percentage afzwakkingen van de FTA bij vrouwelijke tolken gemiddeld op 27% en op 14,9% wat betreft de omissies. Bij mannen ligt dit lager, namelijk 16,7% voor de afzwakkingen en 1,7% voor de omissies.
FTA. --- Genderlinguïstiek. --- H350-linguïstiek. --- Impoliteness. --- Man-vrouw verschillen. --- Politeness. --- Simultaan tolken. --- Sociale positie. --- Stereotypering. --- Taalgebruik. --- Tolk. --- Tolkstudie.
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Spanish language --- Sociolinguistics --- Pragmatics --- Courtesy --- Discourse analysis --- Discourse analysis. --- Civility --- Courteous behavior --- Courteousness --- Discourteous behavior --- Discourteousness --- Graciousness --- Impoliteness --- Manners --- Polite behavior --- Politeness --- Rudeness --- Ungraciousness --- Etiquette --- Spanish language - Discourse analysis --- Courtesy - Latin America --- Courtesy - Spanish-speaking countries
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Thematology --- Spanish language --- Sociolinguistics --- Sociology of culture --- Courtesy --- Etiquette --- Ceremonies --- Condolence, Etiquette of --- Manners --- Politeness --- Usages --- Conduct of life --- Manners and customs --- Civility --- Courteous behavior --- Courteousness --- Discourteous behavior --- Discourteousness --- Graciousness --- Impoliteness --- Polite behavior --- Rudeness --- Ungraciousness
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Has anyone ever pushed in front of you in a queue? Stolen your parking space? Talked on their mobile phone during a film at the cinema? In our everyday lives we all encounter rude and inconsiderate people. This unique book provides the first ever systematic investigation of typical encounters with rudeness. Through a meticulous analysis of over 500 events, it maps out what people experience as rude, where and when this happens and what takes place in the exchange between the participants. The inquiry further charts the emotional and social consequences of rudeness and victimization, with the results challenging the widespread assumption that bad behaviour is toxic to community life. In conclusion the study draws upon its findings and surveys a range of strategies for reducing the level of incivility in everyday life, identifying some simple and innovative solutions. Incivility will appeal to criminologists, sociologists and scholars of urban studies.
Politesse --- Courtesy. --- Etiquette. --- Ceremonies --- Condolence, Etiquette of --- Manners --- Politeness --- Usages --- Conduct of life --- Manners and customs --- Civility --- Courteous behavior --- Courteousness --- Discourteous behavior --- Discourteousness --- Graciousness --- Impoliteness --- Polite behavior --- Rudeness --- Ungraciousness --- Etiquette --- Social Sciences --- Sociology --- Incivilités --- Savoir-vivre
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"This first in-depth study of women's politeness examines the complex relationship individuals had with the discursive ideals of polite femininity. Contextualising women's autobiographical writings (journals and letters) with a wide range of eighteenth-century printed didactic material, it analyses the tensions between politeness discourse which aimed to regulate acceptable feminine identities, and women's possibilities to resist this disciplinary regime. Ylivuori focuses on the central role the female body played as both the means through which individuals actively fashioned themselves as polite and feminine, and the supposedly truthful expression of their inner status of polite femininity"--
Women --- Courtesy --- Social conditions --- History --- England --- Social life and customs --- Civility --- Courteous behavior --- Courteousness --- Discourteous behavior --- Discourteousness --- Graciousness --- Impoliteness --- Manners --- Polite behavior --- Politeness --- Rudeness --- Ungraciousness --- Etiquette --- Human females --- Wimmin --- Woman --- Womon --- Womyn --- Females --- Human beings --- Femininity
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How can we agree to disagree in today's pluralistic society, one in which individuals and groups are becoming increasingly polarized by fierce convictions that are often at odds with the ideas of others? Civil Disagreement: Personal Integrity in a Pluralistic Society shows how we can cope with diversity and be appropriately open toward opponents even while staying true to our convictions. This accessible and useful guide discusses how our conversations and arguments can respect differences and maintain personal integrity and civility even while taking stances on disputed issues. The author exa
Pluralism. --- Respect. --- Integrity. --- Courtesy. --- Monadology --- Monism --- Philosophy --- Reality --- Deference --- Esteem --- Conduct of life --- Honesty --- Reliability --- Civility --- Courteous behavior --- Courteousness --- Discourteous behavior --- Discourteousness --- Graciousness --- Impoliteness --- Manners --- Polite behavior --- Politeness --- Rudeness --- Ungraciousness --- Etiquette
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Pragmatic and sociolinguistic analyses of im/politeness have usually been dependent on context and cultural frames of reference. This new study approaches the concept from an original perspective, namely situatedness. Although politeness research often concentrates on examining how speeches or discourses themselves are situated with regards to different places and contexts, the focus on just one situation, and various text types within it, can also be of value. Situated Politeness is concerned with disentangling the factors which govern our behaviour within a given social context as well as ac
Politeness (Linguistics) --- Courtesy. --- Etiquette. --- Ceremonies --- Condolence, Etiquette of --- Manners --- Politeness --- Usages --- Conduct of life --- Manners and customs --- Civility --- Courteous behavior --- Courteousness --- Discourteous behavior --- Discourteousness --- Graciousness --- Impoliteness --- Polite behavior --- Rudeness --- Ungraciousness --- Etiquette --- Courtesy (Linguistics) --- Linguistics
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Pan and Kadar's exciting research compares historical and contemporary Chinese (im)polite communication norms and maps the similarities and differences between them. Considering the importance of China on the world stage, understanding Chinese politeness norms is pivotal, to both experts of communication studies and those who have interactions with the Chinese community.
Courtesy --- Etiquette --- Civility --- Courteous behavior --- Courteousness --- Discourteous behavior --- Discourteousness --- Graciousness --- Impoliteness --- Manners --- Polite behavior --- Politeness --- Rudeness --- Ungraciousness --- Chinees. --- Chinese language. --- Etiquette. --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Politeness (Linguistics) --- Sociolinguistics --- Honorific. --- China --- Social life and customs.
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Taking an up-to-date and truly global approach, this volume presents a wide range of phenomena in politeness research, and discusses key developments in the field. Covering eight major world languages as well as several language varieties, a team of leading scholars provide a multilingual and multicultural perspective on various speech acts and emic conceptualisations of politeness, and a diachronic view of the field. Most significantly, the volume focuses on the latest trends in the field, such as metapragmatic approaches to im/politeness, politeness and globalization, politeness in computer mediated communication, and politeness and prosody, spanning a wide range of methodologies and types of data, including naturally occurring conversations, role plays, email messages, social media, online discussion forums, ethnographic interviews, focus groups, questionnaires, experiments and language corpora.
Politeness (Linguistics) --- Courtesy. --- Speech acts (Linguistics) --- Illocutionary acts (Linguistics) --- Speech act theory (Linguistics) --- Speech events (Linguistics) --- Language and languages --- Linguistics --- Speech --- Civility --- Courteous behavior --- Courteousness --- Discourteous behavior --- Discourteousness --- Graciousness --- Impoliteness --- Manners --- Polite behavior --- Politeness --- Rudeness --- Ungraciousness --- Etiquette --- Courtesy (Linguistics) --- Philosophy
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This volume brings together two highly researched but also highly controversial concepts, those of politeness and implicature. A theory of implicature as social action and im/politeness as social practice is developed that opens up new ways of examining the relationship between them. It constitutes a fresh look at the issues involved that redresses the current imbalance between social and pragmatic accounts of im/politeness.
Sociolinguistics --- Pragmatics --- Politeness (Linguistics) --- Implication (Logic) --- Courtesy --- Etiquette --- Interpersonal relations --- Social aspects --- Courtesy. --- Etiquette. --- Interpersonal relations. --- Höflichkeit --- Kommunikation --- Sprache --- Social aspects. --- Politeness (Linguistics). --- Implication (Logic). --- Höflichkeit. --- Kommunikation. --- Sprache. --- Human relations --- Interpersonal relationships --- Personal relations --- Relations, Interpersonal --- Relationships, Interpersonal --- Social behavior --- Social psychology --- Object relations (Psychoanalysis) --- Ceremonies --- Condolence, Etiquette of --- Manners --- Politeness --- Usages --- Conduct of life --- Manners and customs --- Civility --- Courteous behavior --- Courteousness --- Discourteous behavior --- Discourteousness --- Graciousness --- Impoliteness --- Polite behavior --- Rudeness --- Ungraciousness --- Logic --- Courtesy (Linguistics) --- Linguistics --- Pragmatics - Social aspects --- Impoliteness. --- Language and Social Interaction. --- Politeness. --- Pragmatics.
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