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Kim Pelis uses a wide range of French and Tunisian archival materials and a close reading of Nobel Prize-winning bacteriologist Charles Nicolle's scientific papers and philosophical treatises to explore the relationship of scienceand medicine to society and culture in the first third of the twentieth century. This book examines the biomedical research of Nobel Prize-winning bacteriologist Charles Nicolle during his tenure as director of the Pasteur Institute of Tunis. Using typhus as its lens, it demonstrates how the complexities of early twentieth century bacteriology, French imperial ideology, the "Pastorian mission," and conditions in colonial Tunisia blended to inform the triumphs and disappointments of Nicolle's fascinating career. It illuminates how thesediverse elements shaped Nicolle's personal identity, the identity of his institute, and his innovative conception of the "birth, life, and death" -- or, the emergence and eradication -- of infectious disease. Kim Pelis blends exhaustive archival research with a close reading of Nicolle's written work -- scientific papers, philosophical treatises, and literary contributions -- to explore the complex relations between biomedical ideas and socioculturalcontext. The result is a study that will be of interest not only to students of French history, colonial medicine, and the history of the biomedical sciences but also to anyone seeking to understand how individuals have attemptedto deal creatively with complex times and ambiguous knowledge. Kim Pelis, a medical historian by training, is a writer for the director of the National Institutes of Health.
Bacteriologists --- Typhus fever --- Biography. --- History. --- Nicolle, Charles, --- Institut Pasteur de Tunis --- Bacteriologist. --- Bacteriology. --- Biomedical Research. --- Biomedical research. --- Biomedical sciences. --- Charles Nicolle. --- Colonial Tunisia. --- Colonial medicine. --- Early 20th Century. --- French Imperialism. --- French history. --- French imperialism. --- Imperial ideology. --- Infectious disease. --- Nobel Prize. --- Pasteur Institute of Tunis. --- Tunisia. --- Typhus.
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In contrast to histories of twentieth century public health that focus exclusively on the local, national, or international levels, 'Shifting Boundaries' explores the connections or 'zones of contact' between the three levels. The interpretive essays, written by distinguished historians of public health and medicine, focus on four topics: the oscillation between governmental and non-governmental (public) agencies as sites of responsibility for addressing public health problems; the harmonization of nation states' agendas with those of international agencies; the development by public health experts of knowledge that is both placeless and respectful of place; and the transportability of model solutions across borders. The volume breaks new ground in its treatment of public health as a political endeavor by highlighting strategies to prevent or alleviate disease as a matter not simply of medical techniques, but of political values and commitments. Contributors: Peter Baldwin, Iris Borowy, James A. Gillespie, Graham Mooney, Lion Murard, Dorothy Porter, Sabine Schleiermacher, Susan Gross Solomon, Paul Weindling, and Patrick Zylberman. Susan Gross Solomon is professor of political science at the University of Toronto. Lion Murard and Patrick Zylberman are both senior researchers at CERMES (Centre de Recherche Médecine, Sciences, Santé et Société), CNRS-EHESS-INSERM, Paris.
History, 20th Century --- Public Health --- Public health --- Santé publique --- history --- History --- Histoire --- #SBIB:316.334.3M50 --- #SBIB:35H436 --- Organisatie van de gezondheidszorg: algemeen, beleid --- Beleidssectoren: welzijn, volksgezondheid en cultuur --- Santé publique --- Community health --- Health services --- Hygiene, Public --- Hygiene, Social --- Public health services --- Public hygiene --- Social hygiene --- Health --- Human services --- Biosecurity --- Health literacy --- Medicine, Preventive --- National health services --- Sanitation --- Europa --- Europe. --- Europe --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Northern Europe --- Southern Europe --- Western Europe --- Abendland --- Okzident --- Europäer --- Bacteriologist. --- Biomedical ideas. --- Biomedical research. --- Biomedical sciences. --- Charles Nicolle. --- Colonial medicine. --- Cross-national standardization. --- Early twentieth century. --- French history. --- French imperial ideology. --- International agencies. --- Kim Pelis. --- Local-level institutions. --- Medical history. --- Medicine history. --- Nation-states. --- National Institutes of Health. --- National boundaries. --- Original initiatives. --- Pasteur Institute of Tunis. --- Policymaking prerogatives. --- Public Health. --- Sociocultural context. --- Twentieth century. --- Medical care --- History.
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In 1847, during the great age of the freak show, the British periodical Punch bemoaned the public's "prevailing taste for deformity." This vividly detailed work argues that far from being purely exploitative, displays of anomalous bodies served a deeper social purpose as they generated popular and scientific debates over the meanings attached to bodily difference. Nadja Durbach examines freaks both well-known and obscure including the Elephant Man; "Lalloo, the Double-Bodied Hindoo Boy," a set of conjoined twins advertised as half male, half female; Krao, a seven-year-old hairy Laotian girl who was marketed as Darwin's "missing link"; the "Last of the Mysterious Aztecs" and African "Cannibal Kings," who were often merely Irishmen in blackface. Upending our tendency to read late twentieth-century conceptions of disability onto the bodies of freak show performers, Durbach shows that these spectacles helped to articulate the cultural meanings invested in otherness--and thus clarified what it meant to be British-at a key moment in the making of modern and imperial ideologies and identities.
Human body --- Freak shows --- Abnormalities, Human --- Body, Human --- Human beings --- Body image --- Human anatomy --- Human physiology --- Mind and body --- Sideshows --- Abnormalities --- Anomalies, Congenital --- Birth defects --- Congenital abnormalities --- Congenital anomalies --- Defects, Birth --- Deformities --- Developmental abnormalities --- Human abnormalities --- Malformations, Congenital --- Morphology --- Pathology --- Teratogenesis --- Teratology --- Social aspects --- History --- Malformations --- Exhibitions de monstres --- Corps humain --- Histoire --- Aspect social --- 1847. --- anthropology. --- british culture. --- cannibal kings. --- conjoined twins. --- cultural otherness. --- cultural studies. --- deformity. --- disability. --- elephant man. --- european history. --- exploitation. --- freak show performers. --- freak shows. --- great britain. --- human bodies. --- imperial ideology. --- lalloo. --- missing link. --- modern history. --- modern identity. --- modern sensibilities. --- national identity. --- nonfiction. --- psychology. --- scientists. --- social history. --- social issues. --- social purpose. --- social purposes. --- History of civilization --- anno 1800-1899 --- Great Britain
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Established in 221 BCE, the Chinese empire lasted for 2,132 years before being replaced by the Republic of China in 1912. During its two millennia, the empire endured internal wars, foreign incursions, alien occupations, and devastating rebellions--yet fundamental institutional, sociopolitical, and cultural features of the empire remained intact. The Everlasting Empire traces the roots of the Chinese empire's exceptional longevity and unparalleled political durability, and shows how lessons from the imperial past are relevant for China today. Yuri Pines demonstrates that the empire survived and adjusted to a variety of domestic and external challenges through a peculiar combination of rigid ideological premises and their flexible implementation. The empire's major political actors and neighbors shared its fundamental ideological principles, such as unity under a single monarch--hence, even the empire's strongest domestic and foreign foes adopted the system of imperial rule. Yet details of this rule were constantly negotiated and adjusted. Pines shows how deep tensions between political actors including the emperor, the literati, local elites, and rebellious commoners actually enabled the empire's basic institutional framework to remain critically vital and adaptable to ever-changing sociopolitical circumstances. As contemporary China moves toward a new period of prosperity and power in the twenty-first century, Pines argues that the legacy of the empire may become an increasingly important force in shaping the nation's future trajectory.
Political culture --- Political science --- Imperialism --- Ideology --- History --- Philosophy --- China --- Politics and government --- History. --- Politics and government. --- S06/0200 --- China: Politics and government--Government and political institutions: general and before 1911 --- Colonialism --- Empires --- Expansion (United States politics) --- Neocolonialism --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Psychology --- Thought and thinking --- Anti-imperialist movements --- Caesarism --- Chauvinism and jingoism --- Militarism --- Social sciences --- State, The --- Philosophy&delete& --- All-under-Heaven. --- Chinese emperor. --- Chinese emperorship. --- Chinese empire. --- Chinese history. --- Chinese imperial experience. --- Chinese intellectuals. --- Chinese political culture. --- Chinese political system. --- Republic of China. --- administrative power. --- balances. --- bureaucracy. --- checks. --- commoners. --- contemporary China. --- cultural foundations. --- depersonalization. --- educated elite. --- flawed morality. --- fragmentation. --- government apparatus. --- historical changes. --- imperial history. --- imperial ideology. --- imperial political culture. --- imperial political structure. --- imperial unification. --- institution. --- intellectual elitism. --- large-scale uprisings. --- local elites. --- modern China. --- modernity. --- monarch. --- monarchism. --- monarchy. --- omnipotent. --- political actors. --- political durability. --- political dynamics. --- political unity. --- popular uprisings. --- power. --- prosperity. --- rebellion. --- scholar-officials. --- shi. --- social power. --- stateХlite interactions. --- tianxia. --- unified empire. --- unity. --- voluntary attachment. --- Political culture - China - History --- Political science - China - Philosophy - History --- Imperialism - China - History --- Ideology - China - History --- China - Politics and government
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