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Most lymphocytes recirculate throughout the body, migrating from blood through organized lymphoid tissues such as lymph nodes (LN) and Peyer's patches (PP), then to lymph and back to blood (GOWANS and KNIGHT 1964). Smaller numbers of lymphocytes migrate from blood to extranodal tissues such as pancreas and then through lymphatic vessels to LN (MACKAY et al. 1990). An important feature of this migration is the ability of lymphocytes to recognize and adhere to the surface of blood vessel endothelial cells before migrating through the vessel wall into surrounding tissue (CARLOS and HARLAN 1994; IMHOF and DUNON 1995; BUTCHER and PICKER 1996). Adhesion interactions of vascular endothelium with lymphocytes under flow or shear consist of at least four steps: (I) an initial transient sticking or rolling; (2) if the lymphocytes encounter appropriate activating or chemotactic factors in the local environment, rolling may be followed by a lymphocyte activation step that then leads to; (3) strong adhesion or sticking that may be followed by; (4) lym­ phocyte diapedesis into tissue (BUTCHER 1991; SHIMUZU et al. 1992; SPRINGER 1994; BARGATZE et al. 1995). Specific lymphocyte and endothelial adhesion molecules (AM) are involved in each step of this "adhesion cascade" (reviewed in CARLOS and HARLAN 1994; IMHOF and DUNON 1995; BUTCHER and PICKER 1996). This allows lymphocyte migration to be controlled at several different steps, leading to a combinatorial increase in specificity and sensitivity.

Integrins --- Leucocytes --- Leukocyten --- Leukocytes --- White blood cells --- White cells --- Signal Transduction --- immunology --- Signal Transduction. --- immunology. --- Immunology. --- Cancer --- Immunological aspects --- Cell biology. --- Cancer research. --- Cell Biology. --- Cancer Research. --- Cancer research --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biology --- Cells --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Cellular signal transduction. --- Immunocompetent cells. --- Cellular information transduction --- Information transduction, Cellular --- Signal transduction, Cellular --- Bioenergetics --- Cellular control mechanisms --- Information theory in biology --- Immunologically competent cells --- Immune system

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Discovery of the mechanism for V(D)J hypermutation remains a basic goal of immunology despite the best efforts of many labo­ ratories. The existence of catalyzed, site-specific mutation and its exploitation for the somatic evolution of lymphocytes are re­ markable adaptations, yet since the discovery of hypermutation in 1970 (see cover), much hard work has generated little. Indeed, our knowledge of what is probably absolutely required for the mutator's action can be succinctly expressed: /g gene enhancers. Table 1 of Winter et a!.'s chapter puts into a historical perspec­ tive how our notions of the mutator have changed over the years. Despite these modest gains, most of us feel that this is the best of times. Our work has not only shown us what the mutator is not, it has also, like an artist's preliminary sketch, defined the questions and experiments we must face without diminishing the potential for new biology. In short, it is great fun to toil against a significant and enigmatic problem.

Antibody diversity --- Anticorps [Diversité des ] --- Antilichamen [Verscheidenheid van de ] --- Diversité des anticorps --- Immune response --- Immuniteitsreactie --- Mutatie (Biologie) --- Mutation (Biologie) --- Mutation (Biology) --- Reactie [Immuniteits] --- Réaction immunitaire --- Verscheidenheid van de antilichamen --- Immunology. --- Cell biology. --- Molecular biology. --- Microbiology. --- Animal physiology. --- Cell Biology. --- Molecular Medicine. --- Animal Physiology. --- Animal physiology --- Animals --- Biology --- Anatomy --- Microbial biology --- Microorganisms --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biochemistry --- Biophysics --- Biomolecules --- Systems biology --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cells --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Physiology --- Antibody diversity. --- Immunocompetent cells. --- Immunologically competent cells --- Immune system --- Diversity, Antibody --- Germ line theory --- Immunoglobulin diversity --- Somatic mutation theory --- Clonal selection theory --- Immunogenetics --- Gene rearrangement --- Immunoglobulins --- Immunospecificity

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Natural killer (NK) cells have been at the forefront of immunology for two decades. During that time, a great amount of information about these cells has been obtained. They are important in antiinfectious and antitumoral defense and shape the adaptive immune response. In addition, they can act as immunoregulatory cells. In recent years, the therapeutic potential of NK cells in cancer immunotherapy has become increasingly evident. This book describes in detail current knowledge about NK cells and covers a broad range of NK cell-related topics, including those that are not frequently reviewed, e.g. NK cells and allergy or NK cells and skin diseases.

Cancer -- Immunotherapy. --- Killer cells -- Therapeutic use. --- Killer cells. --- Killer cells --- Immunology --- Lymphocytes --- Cell Physiological Processes --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Adaptive Immunity --- Killer Cells, Natural --- Cell Communication --- Immunity, Cellular --- Physiology --- Immunity --- Leukocytes, Mononuclear --- Cell Physiological Phenomena --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Immune System Phenomena --- Phenomena and Processes --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Leukocytes --- Blood Cells --- Immune System --- Hemic and Immune Systems --- Cells --- Blood --- Anatomy --- Biology --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Immunocompetent cells. --- Immunologically competent cells --- K cells --- Natural killer cells --- NK cells --- Medicine. --- Human physiology. --- Immunology. --- Biomedicine. --- Human Physiology. --- Biomedicine general. --- Immune system --- Immunocompetent cells --- Cell-mediated cytotoxicity --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Human body --- Immunobiology --- Serology --- Health Workforce --- Biomedicine, general. --- Medicine --- Biomedical Research. --- Research. --- Biological research --- Biomedical research