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International and municipal law --- Privileges and immunities --- International agencies --- Immunities and privileges --- Immunity (Exemption) --- Constitutional law --- Criminal procedure --- Jurisdiction --- State's evidence --- Law and legislation --- International and municipal law - Congresses --- Privileges and immunities - Congresses --- International agencies - Congresses

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While there is a vast amount of scholarship on the US Constitution, very little of it addresses Article IV. The article's first section, the Full Faith and Credit Clause, requires that individual states must respect "the public acts, accords, and judicial proceedings of every other state," and the second section, the Privileges and Immunity Clause, prevents one state from treating the citizens of another state in a discriminatory manner. In Unifying the Nation, Joseph F. Zimmerman provides a unique and comprehensive examination of court cases pertaining to both sections. Article IV, he argues, is central to the political and economic union of the individual states that comprise the nation. Many of the court cases cited in the text have tremendous day-to-day relevance and implications for the practice of government, such as same-sex marriage, child adoption, child support, public welfare, health care, and telecommunications.

Judgments, Foreign --- Conflict of law --- Privileges and immunities --- Foreign judgments --- Conflict of laws --- Judicial assistance --- Immunities and privileges --- Immunity (Exemption) --- Constitutional law --- Criminal procedure --- Jurisdiction --- State's evidence --- States. --- Law and legislation --- United States. --- Full faith and credit clause

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In The Second Founding: An Introduction to the Fourteenth Amendment, Ilan Wurman provides an illuminating introduction to the original meaning of the Fourteenth Amendment's famous provisions 'due process of law,' 'equal protection of the laws,' and the 'privileges' or 'immunities' of citizenship. He begins by exploring the antebellum legal meanings of these concepts, starting from Magna Carta, the Statutes of Edward III, and the Petition of Right to William Blackstone and antebellum state court cases. The book then traces how these concepts solved historical problems confronting framers of the Fourteenth Amendment, including the comity rights of free blacks, private violence and the denial of the protection of the laws, and the notorious abridgment of freedmen's rights in the Black Codes. Wurman makes a compelling case that, if the modern originalist Supreme Court interpreted the Amendment in 'the language of the law,' it would lead to surprising and desirable results today.

Due process of law --- Privileges and immunities --- Equality before the law --- Equal protection of the law --- Immunities and privileges --- Immunity (Exemption) --- Constitutional law --- Criminal procedure --- Jurisdiction --- State's evidence --- Law and legislation --- United States.

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Human rights. --- Privileges and immunities. --- Human rights --- International cooperation. --- Immunities and privileges --- Immunity (Exemption) --- Privileges and immunities --- Constitutional law --- Criminal procedure --- Jurisdiction --- State's evidence --- Basic rights --- Civil rights (International law) --- Rights, Human --- Rights of man --- Human security --- Transitional justice --- Truth commissions --- Law and legislation

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Les péages constituent sous l'Ancien Régime un motif fréquent de plaintes de la part des voituriers qui dénoncent les lenteurs et les surcoûts imposés à la circulation marchande. Plus encore, le péage est mis en cause au XVIIIe siècle dans sa fonction et ses fondements. Attentive à la diversité des acteurs et des intérêts en jeu, Anne Conchon s'attache ici à montrer comment l'institution du péage s'est progressivement modifiée, pour survivre au démantèlement de la féodalité qui l'avait engendrée. La monarchie avait créé en effet une commission, chargée dans un premier temps de vérifier la légalité des perceptions et de réviser les tarifs, avant de tenter, sans y par-venir, de supprimer les péages. Ce n'est qu'après l'abolition des droits féodaux par la Révolution française, que l'État conféra à cette fiscalité une légitimité nouvelle. Cette redéfinition du péage, au cours du XVIIIe siècle, n'est pas seulement le fait d'une monarchie incapable de réformer sans achopper sur l'épineuse question des privilèges. Elle s'inscrit, plus généralement, dans les mutations économiques et sociales qui traversent en profondeur le siècle des Lumières. Coach drivers in the Ancien Régime often complained about tollgates being slow and making it expensive to transport merchandise. Tolls came under keen criticism for their design and principle in the 18th century. Anne Conchon homes in on the players and interests to show how the tollgate institution gradually changed to survive the dismantlement of the feudal system that created it. The monarchy set up a commission to verify the legality of the tolls and review the toll rates before it unsuccessfully tried to withdraw the tollgates. It was only when the French Revolution abolished feudal law that the State gave this tax a new legitimacy. The redefinition of the toll in the 18th century was more than just the act of a monarchy incapable of reforming without tripping over the thorny question of privileges. It was part and parcel of…

History of France --- anno 1800-1899 --- Tolls --- Liens --- Transportation and state --- Péages --- Privilèges (Droit) --- Transport --- History --- Histoire --- Politique gouvernementale --- Privileges and immunities --- Péages --- Privilèges (Droit) --- Immunities and privileges --- Immunity (Exemption) --- Constitutional law --- Criminal procedure --- Jurisdiction --- State's evidence --- State and transportation --- Transportation --- Transportation policy --- User charges --- Octroi --- Law and legislation --- Government policy --- Tolls - France - History - 18th century. --- Transportation and state - France - History - 18th century. --- Privileges and immunities - France - History - 18th century. --- Ancien Régime --- French Revolution --- tollgates