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There is increasing evidence that suggest the presence of innate immune memory as reflected in the altered responses from programmed innate leukocyte challenged with varying natures and signal strength of inflammatory challenges. The rudimentary “memory” responses of innate leukocytes based on prior challenge histories, as well as signal strength and durations, may dramatically affect cellular and tissue homeostasis. At the translational level, innate leukocyte memory may underlie the decision making process of resolving tissue homeostasis as compared to non-resolving inflammatory diseases. Proper resolution of leukocyte homeostasis is essential for the well-being of human physiology such as proper wound repair, eradication of sporadic malignant cells, mucosal defense of infections, and tissue regeneration and growth. On the other hand, lack of inflammation resolution underlies the pathogenesis of wide ranges of acute and chronic diseases ranging from cardiovascular to neurological diseases and cancer. This series of reports will focus on this emerging topics of innate leukocyte programming dynamics and memory in health and disease. Emerging examples of leukocyte programming dynamics may include the following scenarios. First, sequential challenges with distinct inflammatory signals may alter the leukocyte expression profiles of inflammatory mediators, as exemplified by the classically trained M1 monocyte/macrophage as compared to the alternatively programmed M2 macrophages. Second, leukocytes may be adapted to unique signal strength of inflammatory challenges, as reflected in the generation of non-resolving low-grade inflammatory monocytes adapted by chronic low signals of TLR4/7 agonists. Third, the ontogeny of innate leukocytes from precursor cells as well as the life span of mature leukocytes may also be significantly impacted by the history, dosage, and duration of inflammatory signals. In light of the conceptual and translational significance of innate immune memory, this topic may cover the key aspects listed below. 1) Monocyte priming and tolerance; 2) Neutrophil priming and adaptation; 3) NK cell priming; 4) Cross-talk among innate and adaptive immune programming; 5) Innate leukocyte programming in acute and chronic inflammatory disease.

innate immune memory --- inflammation dynamics --- resolving and non-resolving inflammation --- acute disease --- chronic disease

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The ability to remember an antigenic encounter for several decades, even for a life time, is one of the fundamental properties of the immune system. This phenomenon known as "immunological memory", is the foundation upon which the concept if vaccination rests. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms by which immunological memory is regulated is of paramount importance. Recent advances in immunology, particularly in the field of innate immunity, suggest that the innate immune system plays fundamental roles in influencing immunological memory. Indeed, emerging evidence suggests that events that occur early, within hours if not minutes of pathogen or vaccine entry profoundly shape the quantity, quality and duration of immunological memory. The present volume assembles a collection of essays from leading experts that span the entire spectrum research from understanding the molecular mechanisms of innate immune recognition, to dendritic cell function, to the generation and maintenance of antigen-specific B and T-cell responses.

Immunologic memory. --- Natural immunity. --- Immune response. --- Immunology --- Disease resistance --- Host resistance --- Innate immunity --- Innate resistance --- Native immunity --- Natural resistance --- Nonspecific immunity --- Resistance to disease --- Immunity --- Immune memory --- Immunological memory --- Memory, Immune --- Memory, Immunologic --- Immunology. --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology

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Immunological memory has fascinated microbiologists and immunologists for decades as one of the new frontiers to conquer to better understand the response to pathogens, cancer and vaccination. Over the past decade, attention has turned to the intrinsic properties of the memory T cells themselves, as it has become clear that the eradication of both infected cells and tumors requires T cells. This book is an attempt to capture the wave of discoveries associated with these recent studies. Its chapters represent a wide collection of topics related to memory T cells by laboratories that have invested their skills and knowledge to understand the biology and the principles upon which memory T cells are generated, maintained and expanded upon re-encounter with antigen. Ultimately, these studies are all aimed at a better understanding of the function of memory T cells in protection against disease.

Immunologic memory. --- T cells. --- Immunologic memory --- T cells --- Lymphocytes --- Adaptive Immunity --- Immunity --- Leukocytes, Mononuclear --- Immune System Phenomena --- Leukocytes --- Phenomena and Processes --- Blood Cells --- Immune System --- Blood --- Cells --- Hemic and Immune Systems --- T-Lymphocytes --- Autoimmunity --- Immunologic Memory --- Immunity, Cellular --- Anatomy --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Biophysics --- T lymphocytes --- Thymus-dependent cells --- Thymus-dependent lymphocytes --- Thymus-derived cells --- Immune memory --- Immunological memory --- Memory, Immune --- Memory, Immunologic --- Medicine. --- Human physiology. --- Molecular biology. --- Neurochemistry. --- Neurology. --- Biomedicine. --- Human Physiology. --- Molecular Medicine. --- Medicine --- Nervous system --- Neuropsychiatry --- Biochemistry --- Neurosciences --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biomolecules --- Systems biology --- Human biology --- Medical sciences --- Physiology --- Human body --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Life sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Diseases --- Health Workforce --- Neurology .