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In the thirteenth century, the Armenians of Greater Armenia and of the Armenian Kingdom in Cilicia were invaded by Mongol nomads of the Inner Asian steppe. The ensuing Mongol-Armenian relations were varied. The Greater Armenians became subjects of the Mongol Empire, whereas the Cilician Armenians, by entering into vassalage, became allies and furthered the Mongol conquests. In order to enhance our understanding of this turning point in medieval history, the effects of long distance military raids, missions, diplomacy, collaboration, administrative assistance and confrontation as well as the reasons for invading Greater Armenia and motives for establishing an alliance, are considered.

Armenians --- Mongols --- Mongolians --- Altaic peoples --- Ethnology --- History. --- Armenia --- Middle East --- Mongolia --- Mongol Uls --- Монгол Улс --- Mongolie --- Mongolii︠a︡ --- Mongolei --- BNMAU --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Mongol Ard Uls --- Bügd Nayramdah Mongol Ard Uls --- MNR --- Mongolʹskai︠a︡ narodnai︠a︡ respublika --- Монгольская народная республика --- Meng-ku jen min kung ho kuo --- Menggu ren min gong he guo --- 蒙古人民共和國 --- Meng-ku --- Menggu --- 蒙古 --- Wai Meng-ku --- Mongolische Volksrepublik --- Mongoru Jimmin Kyōwakoku --- Mongol Népköztársaság --- Outer Mongolia --- Mongolia (Outer Mongolia) --- Mongolian People's Republic --- Mongolia (Mongolian People's Republic) --- République populaire de Mongolie --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Mongol Ard Ulsyn --- Mongolian Republic --- Mongoliet --- モンゴル --- Mongoru --- 外蒙古 --- Gaimōko --- 蒙古人民共和国 --- Mōko Jinmin Kyōwakoku --- モンゴル人民共和国 --- Mongoru Jinmin Kyōwakoku --- Inner Mongolia (China) --- Asia, South West --- Asia, Southwest --- Asia, Western --- East (Middle East) --- Eastern Mediterranean --- Fertile Crescent --- Levant --- Mediterranean Region, Eastern --- Mideast --- Near East --- Northern Tier (Middle East) --- South West Asia --- Southwest Asia --- Orient --- Hayasdan --- Hayastan --- Aĭastan --- Haykʻ Metskʻ --- Mets Haykʻ --- Greater Armenia --- Armenia (Republic) --- History --- Relations --- History, Military. --- Asia, West --- West Asia --- Western Asia --- History, Military --- Mongġol --- Mongġol Ulus --- Монголия --- БНМАУ --- МНР --- 몽골 --- Mongols - History --- Armenians - History --- Mongols - Armenia - History --- Mongolia - Relations - Armenia --- Armenia - Relations - Mongolia --- Armenia - History - 428-1522 --- Middle East - History, Military --- Asian Studies --- Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia --- Ilkhanate --- Mamluk --- Mongol Empire --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaqu Mongġol Arad Ulus --- Mengguguo --- 蒙古国 --- Wai Menggu