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Most anyone interested in such topics as creation mythology, Jungian theory, or the idea of "secret teachings" in ancient Judaism and Christianity has found "gnosticism" compelling. Yet the term "gnosticism," which often connotes a single rebellious movement against the prevailing religions of late antiquity, gives the false impression of a monolithic religious phenomenon. Here Michael Williams challenges the validity of the widely invoked category of ancient "gnosticism" and the ways it has been described. Presenting such famous writings and movements as the Apocryphon of John and Valentinian Christianity, Williams uncovers the similarities and differences among some major traditions widely categorized as gnostic. He provides an eloquent, systematic argument for a more accurate way to discuss these interpretive approaches. The modern construct "gnosticism" is not justified by any ancient self-definition, and many of the most commonly cited religious features that supposedly define gnosticism phenomenologically turn out to be questionable. Exploring the sample sets of "gnostic" teachings, Williams refutes generalizations concerning asceticism and libertinism, attitudes toward the body and the created world, and alleged features of protest, parasitism, and elitism. He sketches a fresh model for understanding ancient innovations on more "mainstream" Judaism and Christianity, a model that is informed by modern research on dynamics in new religious movements and is freed from the false stereotypes from which the category "gnosticism" has been constructed.

Gnosticism. --- Rome --- Religion. --- Gnosticism --- 273.1 --- 273.1 Gnosis. Gnosticisme --- Gnosis. Gnosticisme --- Religion --- Cults --- Rome - Religion --- Against the Galilaeans. --- Agrippa Castor. --- Anchorite. --- Anthropomorphism. --- Anti-Judaism. --- Antinomianism. --- Antipope. --- Apocalypse. --- Apocrypha. --- Apocryphon. --- Apostasy. --- Asceticism. --- Blasphemy. --- Borborites. --- Cainites. --- Catharism. --- Celibacy. --- Cerdo (gnostic). --- Cerinthus. --- Christian Identity. --- Christian fundamentalism. --- Christianity. --- Church Fathers. --- Clement of Alexandria. --- Consubstantiality. --- Contra Celsum. --- Creation myth. --- Demiurge. --- Demonization. --- Dialogue with Trypho. --- Divine Spark. --- Doctrine. --- Elohim. --- Epiphanes (gnostic). --- Epistle to the Laodiceans. --- Ernst Troeltsch. --- Exegesis. --- Exorcism. --- False prophet. --- God. --- Good and evil. --- Gospel of Eve. --- Gospel of Philip. --- Heresy of the Free Spirit. --- Heresy. --- Heterodoxy. --- Holy Book of the Great Invisible Spirit. --- Ideal type. --- Incorruptibility. --- Infidel. --- Irenaeus. --- Jews. --- Judaism. --- Judas Iscariot. --- Justification (theology). --- Justin Martyr. --- Manichaeism. --- Marcion of Sinope. --- Marcionism. --- Martyr. --- Metempsychosis. --- New religious movement. --- Nicolaism. --- Orthodox Judaism. --- Plotinus. --- Predestination. --- Problem of evil. --- Pseudo-Philo. --- Puritans. --- Pythagoreanism. --- Reform Judaism. --- Religious text. --- Renunciation. --- Sacred prostitution. --- Satan. --- Sect. --- Secularization. --- Self-denial. --- Sethianism. --- Sexual Desire (book). --- Sexual abstinence. --- Simon Magus. --- Skepticism. --- Sophia (Gnosticism). --- Spiritual marriage. --- Spirituality. --- Superiority (short story). --- Tertullian. --- The Other Hand. --- Theodicy. --- Theodotus of Byzantium. --- Theology. --- Thou shalt not commit adultery. --- Thou shalt not covet. --- Tractate. --- Wickedness. --- Writing. --- Zostrianos.

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This volume provides information and analyses to better grasp the social implications of geographical borders as well as the individuals who travel between them and those who live in border regions. Sociologists, anthropologists, philosophers, linguists, and scholars of international relations and public health are just some of the authors contributing to Rethinking Borders. The diversity in the authors’ disciplines and the topics they focus on exemplify the intricacies of borders and their manifold effects. This openness to so many schools of thought stands in contrast to the solidification of stricter borders across the globe. The contributions range from case studies of migrants’ sense of belonging and safety to theoretical discussions about migration and globalization, from empirical studies about immigrant practices and exclusionary laws to ethical concerns about the benefits of inclusion. It is timely that this collective work is published in the middle of a pandemic that has affected every single part of the world. Unprecedented border closures and stringent travel restrictions have not been enough to contain the virus entirely. As COVID-19 shows, diseases, ideas, and xenophobic and racist discourses know no borders. Plans that transcend borders are vital when dealing with global threats, such as climate change and pandemics.

distributive justice --- political legitimacy --- international legitimacy --- liberal theory of international relations --- immigration --- political self-determination --- territorial rights --- nationalism --- statism --- migration crisis --- ideal type --- refugees --- immigrants --- migration policy --- methodological nationalism --- nation-state --- state/anarchy model --- globalization --- epistemic ideals --- human mobility --- citizenship --- children in detention --- border policing --- illegalization --- neoliberalism --- USA --- Australia --- immigration detention --- care --- migration --- migration management --- nursing --- recruitment --- globalized labor markets --- Germany --- migration and crime --- human security --- border wall --- safest American city --- Latinos --- decolonisation --- SADC borders --- regional integration --- diversity --- superdiversity --- multiculture --- critical diversity studies --- racism --- discrimination --- diversity policies --- English name --- Chinese name --- Taiwan --- pragmalinguistics --- sociolinguistics --- naming practices --- identity --- nickname --- anti-immigration --- populism --- xenophobia --- globalists --- borders --- global health diplomacy (GHD) --- CARICOM --- public health --- health security --- epidemics --- Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) --- non-communicable diseases (NCDs) --- peace --- foreign policy --- Caribbean --- border --- homelessness --- hard drug users --- self-inflicted violence --- body without organs --- group asylum --- sovereignty --- ethics of recognition --- ethics of care --- solidarity --- Axel Honneth --- Jürgen Habermas --- mental health --- point in time --- diagnosis --- border walls --- fences --- limited migration --- open borders --- free movement --- regionalism --- localism

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Here is an indispensable text and reference book for anyone interested in a systems approach to environmental studies. It will be useful not only to geographers but also to ecologists and other environmental scientists; planners; economists and other social scientists; philosophers; and applied mathematicians.Bennett and Chorley's book has a number of broad aims: first, to employ the systems approach to provide an interdisciplinary focus on environmental structures and techniques; second, to use this approach to aid in developing the interfacing of social and economic theory with physical and biological theory; and third, to investigate the implications of this interfacing for human response to current environmental dilemmas, and hence to expose the technological and social bases of values which underlie our use of natural resources.Interpreting the "environment" so as to embrace physical, biological, man-made, social, and economic reality, the authors show that the systems approach provides a powerful vehicle for the statement of environmental situations of ever-growing temporal and spatial magnitude, and for reducing the areas of uncertainty in our increasingly complex decision making arenas.Originally published in 1979.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Sociology of environment --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Human ecology. Social biology --- Human ecology --- 573.22 --- 574 --- Ecology --- Environment, Human --- Human beings --- Human environment --- Ecological engineering --- Human geography --- Nature --- The system theory in biology. Levels of organisation of biological systems. --- General ecology. Biocoenology. Hydrobiology. Biogeography --- Social aspects --- Effect of environment on --- Effect of human beings on --- 574 General ecology. Biocoenology. Hydrobiology. Biogeography --- 573.22 The system theory in biology. Levels of organisation of biological systems. --- The system theory in biology. Levels of organisation of biological systems --- Human ecology. --- Accuracy and precision. --- Air pollution. --- Arrow's impossibility theorem. --- Autocorrelation. --- Bayesian. --- Bessel function. --- Big O notation. --- Causality. --- Consideration. --- Control function (econometrics). --- Control variable. --- Counterintuitive. --- Cross-correlation. --- Decision-making. --- Dynamic programming. --- Economic efficiency. --- Economic planning. --- Ecosystem. --- Emergence. --- Environmental determinism. --- Environmental economics. --- Error term. --- Estimation theory. --- Estimation. --- Estimator. --- Explanation. --- Externality. --- Extrapolation. --- Feed forward (control). --- Forecasting. --- Genetic fallacy. --- Heuristic. --- High- and low-level. --- Holism. --- Hypothesis. --- Ideal type. --- Indifference curve. --- Inference. --- Initial condition. --- Input and output (medicine). --- Instrumental variable. --- Interdependence. --- Inverse problem. --- Isoquant. --- Kalman filter. --- Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions. --- Kriging. --- Lag operator. --- Laplace transform. --- Least squares. --- Loss function. --- Marginal rate of substitution. --- Mathematical optimization. --- Maximum likelihood estimation. --- Measurement. --- Natural environment. --- Natural justice. --- Negative feedback. --- Non-renewable resource. --- Nonlinear system. --- Normal conditions. --- Nutrient. --- Observability. --- Optimal control. --- PID controller. --- Parameter. --- Pareto efficiency. --- Partial autocorrelation function. --- Pollutant. --- Pollution. --- Prediction. --- Preference (economics). --- Probability. --- Production–possibility frontier. --- Quantity. --- Result. --- Scarcity. --- Self-tuning. --- Sensitivity analysis. --- Servomechanism. --- Setpoint (control system). --- Simulation. --- Soil. --- Special case. --- State of nature. --- State variable. --- Steady state. --- Stepwise regression. --- Stochastic control. --- Subsidy. --- Supply (economics). --- Surplus value. --- System analysis. --- Tax. --- Theory. --- Time series. --- Transfer function. --- Uncertainty. --- Utility. --- Weighting.