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"In 2018, lumps of frozen soil, collected from the bottom of the world's first deep ice core and lost for decades, reappeared in Denmark. When geologist Paul Bierman and his team first melted a piece of this unique material, they were shocked to find perfectly preserved leaves, twigs, and moss. That observation led them to a startling discovery: Greenland's ice sheet had melted naturally before, about 400,000 years ago. The remote island's ice was far more fragile than scientists had realized--unstable even without human interference. In When the Ice Is Gone, Bierman traces the story of this extraordinary finding, revealing how it radically changes our understanding of the Earth and its climate. A longtime researcher in Greenland, he begins with a brief history of the island, both human and geological, explaining how over the last century scientists have learned to read the historical record in ice, deciphering when volcanoes exploded and humans started driving cars fueled by leaded gasoline. For the origins of ice coring, Bierman brings us to Camp Century, a U.S. military base built inside Greenland's ice sheet, where engineers first drilled through mile-thick ice and into the frozen soil beneath. Decades later, a few feet of that long-frozen earth would reveal its secrets--ancient warmth and melted ice. Changes in Greenland reverberate around the world, with ice melting high in the arctic affecting people everywhere. Bierman explores how losing Greenland's ice will catalyze devastating events if we don't change course and address climate change now."--
Climatic changes --- Ice cores --- Ice sheets --- Ice cores --- Ice sheets
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Atmospheric carbon dioxide. --- Climatic changes --- Geological carbon sequestration. --- Paleoclimatology. --- Ice cores. --- Atmospheric carbon dioxide. --- Climatic changes --- Geological carbon sequestration. --- Ice cores. --- Paleoclimatology. --- Research. --- Research.
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Volcanic dust, climate change, tsunamis, earthquakes-geoscience explores phenomena that profoundly affect our lives. But more than that, as Doug Macdougall makes clear, the science also provides important clues to the future of the planet. In an entertaining and accessibly written narrative, Macdougall gives an overview of Earth's astonishing history based on information extracted from rocks, ice cores, and other natural archives. He explores such questions as: What is the risk of an asteroid striking Earth? Why does the temperature of the ocean millions of years ago matter today? How are efforts to predict earthquakes progressing? Macdougall also explains the legacy of greenhouse gases from Earth's past and shows how that legacy shapes our understanding of today's human-caused climate change. We find that geoscience in fact illuminates many of today's most pressing issues-the availability of energy, access to fresh water, sustainable agriculture, maintaining biodiversity-and we discover how, by applying new technologies and ideas, we can use it to prepare for the future.
Historical geology. --- Geology. --- asteroids. --- biodiversity. --- climate change. --- conservation. --- earth sciences. --- earth. --- earthquakes. --- environmental impact. --- environmentalism. --- environmentalists. --- geological history. --- geologists. --- geology. --- geoscience. --- geoscientists. --- greenhouse gases. --- historical. --- human impact. --- ice cores. --- natural archives. --- natural history. --- natural phenomena. --- nonfiction. --- ocean temperatures. --- past lessons. --- retrospective. --- rock science. --- science history. --- scientists. --- sustainable agriculture.
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The cryosphere is very sensitive to climate change, and glaciers represent one of the most important archives of atmospheric composition and its variability. From the Himalaya to the European Alps, the longest mid-latitude mountain chain in the world, lie thousands of glaciers that have collected atmospheric compounds over the last millennia. China and Italy are located at the opposite terminals of this long mountain chain, comprising strategic positions for understanding climate evolution and providing important information for the modeling of future climates. The results presented are highlights of some of the most recent advances in cryospheric studies, especially on the topic of mineral dust and aerosols in the atmosphere. They evidence the complexity of the chemical–physical processes involving solid compounds occurring in glacier, snow, and permafrost environments, covering different aspects such as spatial and temporal trends, as well as the impact of mineral and nonmineral particles. Results also show that recent advances in measurement techniques and source apportionment may be powerful and sophisticated tools to provide novel, high-quality scientific information.
XAS spectroscopy --- bacteria --- XANES --- mineral elements --- X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy --- iron geochemistry --- ice --- X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy --- mineral dust --- compositional data analysis --- synchrotron radiation --- dust --- global warming hiatus --- simultaneous measurements --- TXRF --- low concentration elemental analysis --- global warming slowdown --- paleoclimatology --- water --- X-ray fluorescence --- snow --- long-range transport --- southern hemisphere --- Antarctica --- ice core --- cryoconite --- evaporation --- contaminants --- POPs --- paleoclimate --- XANES and LCF --- ultra-dilution --- particulate matter --- trace elements --- atmospheric mineral dust --- cryospheric sciences --- ice cores --- X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy --- droplets --- Arctic rapid warming --- microbiology --- cryosphere --- polycapillary optics --- environment --- Laohugou glacier --- iron speciation --- X-ray absorption spectroscopy --- Arctic --- insoluble dust
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