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In recent decades, the study of groundwater flow and solute transport has advanced into new territories that are beyond conventional theories, such as Darcy’s law and Fick’s law. The studied media have changed from permeable porous and fractured ones to much less permeable ones, such as clay and shale. The studied pore sizes have also changed from millimetres to micro-meters or even nano-meters. The objective of this Special Issue is to report recent advances in groundwater flow and solute transport that push the knowledge boundary into new territories which include, but are not limited to, flow and transport in sloping aquifer/hillslopes, coupled unsaturated and saturated flow, coupled aquifer-vertical/horizontal/slant well flow, interaction of aquifer with connected and disconnected rivers, non-Darcian flow, anomalous transport beyond the Fickian scheme, and flow and transport in extremely small pore spaces such as shale and tight sandstones. Contributions focusing on innovative experimental, numerical, and analytical methods for understanding unconventional problems, such as the above-listed ones, are encouraged, and contributions addressing flow and transport at interfaces of different media and crossing multiple temporal and spatial scales are of great value

Levy stable distribution --- n/a --- permeameter test --- rough single fracture --- seawater intrusion --- the Beishan area --- groundwater flow model --- slenderness effect --- SW–GW interaction --- semi-analytical solution --- assessment --- hydraulic conductivity --- irrigation --- first-order analytical approach --- Ulan Buh Desert --- IUM --- solute longitudinal dispersion --- soil formation --- DSR --- bimsoils --- nuclear waste disposal --- IUV --- infiltration --- TOUGH2 --- sustainable development --- groundwater ERT --- non-Darcian --- non-Fickian --- GFModel --- erosion --- permeability coefficient --- hydrologic exchange --- evaporation calculation --- evolving-scale log-conductivity --- radioactive contaminant --- field measurements --- fractured aquifers --- desert farmland --- analytical solution --- silty clay --- uncertainty --- steady-state vertical flux --- flow modeling --- non-Darcy flow --- percolation --- Monte Carlo --- solute transport --- groundwater flow --- salinity map --- numerical simulation --- stochastic Lagrangian framework --- unsaturated flow --- fractional derivative --- water resource utilization efficiency --- heterogeneity --- perturbation method --- Columbia River --- water flow --- SW-GW interaction

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Claims abound that Saudi oil money is fuelling Salafi Islam in cultural and geographical terrains as disparate as the remote hamlets of the Swat valley in Pakistan and sprawling megacities such as Jakarta. In a similar manner, it is often regarded as a fact that Iran and the Sunni Arab states are fighting proxy wars in foreign lands. This empirically grounded study challenges the assumptions prevalent within academic as well as policy circles about hegemonic power of such Islamic discourses and movements to penetrate all Muslim communities and societies. Through case studies of academic institutions the volume illustrates how transmission of ideas is an extremely complex process, and the outcome of such efforts depends not just on the strategies adopted by backers of those ideologies but equally on the characteristics of the receipt communities. In order to understand this complex interaction between the global and local Islam and the plurality in outcomes, the volume focuses on the workings of three universities with global outreach, and whose graduating students carry the ideas acquired during their education back to their own countries, along with, in some cases, a zeal to reform their home society. Key Features: Focuses on case studies of three of the most influential international centres of Islamic learning in contemporary times: Al-Azhar University in Egypt, International Islamic University of Medina in Saudi Arabia, and Al-Mustafa University in Iran *Traces the activities and influence of graduates in their home communities to show how ideas are transmitted from one locale to another and how this process often induces adjustments within those ideas *Takes a comparative appoach with cases from North and West Africa and Southeast Asia

Islam --- Islamic universities and colleges --- Alumni and alumnae --- Jāmiʿ al-Azhar --- Jāmiʿah al-Islāmīyah bi-al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah --- Jāmiʿat al-Muṣṭafá al-ʿĀlamīyah (Iran) --- Influence --- Islam - 21st century --- Islamic universities and colleges - Alumni and alumnae --- Islamic religious education --- Jāmiʻat al-Azhar --- Jāmiʻah al-Islāmīyah bi-al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah --- Jāmiʻat al-Muṣṭafá al-ʻĀlamīyah (Iran) --- Islamic education --- Universities and colleges --- Muslim religious education --- Religious education, Islamic --- Religious education --- Al-Mustafa International University (Iran) --- Mustafa International University (Iran) --- Jame'at al-Mustafa al-Alamiyyah (Iran) --- Jāmiʻah al-Muṣṭafá al-ʻĀlamīyah (Iran) --- جامعة المصطفى العالمية (Iran) --- جامعه المصطفى العالميه (Iran) --- Jāmiʻah al-Islāmīyah (Medina, Saudi Arabia) --- Islamic University of Madinah Monawwarah --- Saudi Arabia. --- Jāmiʻah al-Islāmīyah bi-al-Madīnah al-Nabawīyah --- Islamic University of Medina --- Islamic University of Madinah --- Islamic University in Madinah --- Islamic University in Medinah --- IUM (Islamic University of Medina) --- جامعة الاسلامية بالمدينة المنورة --- جامعة الاسلامية بالمدينة النبوية --- Cairo. --- Azhar. --- Azhar University --- Al Azhar University --- Azhar-Universität --- جامعة الازهر --- Jāmiʻ al-Azhar