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Western responses to Russian disinformation have been weak and uncoordinated. Most democratic countries have relied on defensive measures, such as media literacy programs and pressure on social networks. The author proposes energetic new efforts to expose Russian narratives and to promote democratic values that many in the West have lost faith in. He finds many governments reluctant to take on Kremlin disinformation, for fear of retaliation or becoming 'propagandists' themselves. Focusing on Europe, Africa and Latin America, he proposes stepped-up government action - along with more support for the little-publicized army of non-government actors who are already at work confronting Russian trolls, exposing secret Russian operations and defending democracy. More government and private aid to these activists, and to journalists and fact-checkers in key areas, could be a significant counterweight to Russian operations. The author also calls for more Western messaging to Russia's own citizens.
DISINFORMATION--RUSSIA (FEDERATION) --- INFORMATION OPERATIONS--RUSSIA (FEDERATION) --- Polemology --- Mass communications --- Russia --- Europe --- Africa --- Latin America
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In this timely study, the author investigates the multitude of techniques how social media can be used to advance an aggressive foreign policy, as exemplified by the Russian Federation's operation to annex Crimea in 2014. Drawing on a wide range of sources, the author traces the implementation of a series of Russian measures to create channels and organisations manipulating public opinion in the Ukrainian segment of the internet and on platforms such as Facebook, Vkontakte, Odnoklassniki, LiveJournal, and Twitter. Addressing the pertinent question of how much the operation to annex Crimea was either improvised or planned, he draws attention to Russia's ad-hoc actions in the sphere of social media in 2014. Based on an in-depth analysis of the methods of Russia's influence operations, the book proposes a number of counterstrategies to prevent such 'active measures'. These propositions can serve to improve Ukraine's national information policy as well as help to develop adequate security concepts of other states.
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