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355.426 <666.2> --- Liberia --- History --- -Peace. --- Interim Government of National Unity (Liberia) --- IGNU --- Republic of Liberia --- Liberië --- Republiek van Liberië --- Republica de Liberia --- Liberiya --- Liberiya Respublikası --- Ліберыя --- Liberyi︠a︡ --- Libirya --- Liberija --- Republika Liberija --- Либерия --- Liberii︠a︡ --- Република Либерия --- Republika Liberii︠a︡ --- Gweriniaeth Liberia --- Republik Liberia --- Libeeria --- Libeeria Vabariik --- Λιβερία --- Liveria --- Δημοκρατια της Λιβεριας --- Dēmokratia tēs Liverias --- Liberio --- Liberiako Errepublika --- République du Liberia --- Libearia --- Labiriyaa --- Libéir --- Laibeer --- Pobblaght ny Laibeer --- Libèiria --- Poblachd Libèiria --- Lýðveldið Líbería --- Repubblica di Liberia --- ליבריה --- Liberyah --- רפובליקת ליבריה --- Republiḳat Liberyah --- 利比里亚 --- Libiliya --- Либерия республика --- Liberii︠a︡ respublika --- Liberi --- Liberya --- Komara Lîberyayê --- Либери --- Libērijas Republika --- Liberijos Respublika --- Libeïa --- Republíki ya Liberia --- Libériai Köztársaság --- Либерија --- Република Либерија --- Liberja --- Tlācatlahtohcāyōtl Liberia --- Republiek Liberia --- Reppubliek Liberië --- リベリア --- Riberia --- リベリア共和国 --- Riberia Kyōwakoku --- IGNU (Liberia) --- Peace.

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This paper discusses whether adopting the U.S. dollar as the sole legal tender could help Liberia, a postconflict economy, to boost growth and strengthen fiscal discipline. In view of the performance of exchange rate regimes in many countries and Liberia's own experience with dollarization, we conclude that Liberia should not adopt full dollarization for the following reasons: (i) the alleged benefits voiced by the proponents of dollarization, in terms of enhanced fiscal discipline and faster economic growth, are not supported by the empirical evidence; (ii) dollarization would increase the Liberian economy's vulnerability to external shocks and Liberia's social fragility; (iii) banks in fully dollarized economies face additional capitalization requirements that Liberian banks cannot meet at present; and (iv) dollarization would be costly in terms of real resources because of the loss of seigniorage.

Dollar, American. --- Electronic books. -- local. --- Liberia -- Economic conditions. --- Liberia -- Economic policy. --- Monetary policy -- Liberia. --- Finance --- Business & Economics --- Money --- Monetary policy --- Liberia --- Economic conditions. --- Economic policy. --- Monetary management --- American dollar --- Interim Government of National Unity (Liberia) --- IGNU --- Republic of Liberia --- Liberië --- Republiek van Liberië --- Republica de Liberia --- Liberiya --- Liberiya Respublikası --- Ліберыя --- Liberyi︠a︡ --- Libirya --- Liberija --- Republika Liberija --- Либерия --- Liberii︠a︡ --- Република Либерия --- Republika Liberii︠a︡ --- Gweriniaeth Liberia --- Republik Liberia --- Libeeria --- Libeeria Vabariik --- Λιβερία --- Liveria --- Δημοκρατια της Λιβεριας --- Dēmokratia tēs Liverias --- Liberio --- Liberiako Errepublika --- République du Liberia --- Libearia --- Labiriyaa --- Libéir --- Laibeer --- Pobblaght ny Laibeer --- Libèiria --- Poblachd Libèiria --- Lýðveldið Líbería --- Repubblica di Liberia --- ליבריה --- Liberyah --- רפובליקת ליבריה --- Republiḳat Liberyah --- 利比里亚 --- Libiliya --- Либерия республика --- Liberii︠a︡ respublika --- Liberi --- Liberya --- Komara Lîberyayê --- Либери --- Libērijas Republika --- Liberijos Respublika --- Libeïa --- Republíki ya Liberia --- Libériai Köztársaság --- Либерија --- Република Либерија --- Liberja --- Tlācatlahtohcāyōtl Liberia --- Republiek Liberia --- Reppubliek Liberië --- リベリア --- Riberia --- リベリア共和国 --- Riberia Kyōwakoku --- Economic policy --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- IGNU (Liberia) --- Banks and Banking --- Foreign Exchange --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Public Finance --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Monetary economics --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Public finance & taxation --- Banking --- Currencies --- Exchange rate arrangements --- Dollarization --- Government asset and liability management --- Finance, Public --- Banks and banking

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Any analysis of health financing issues has to begin with sound estimates of the level and flow of resources in a health system, including total levels of spending, the sources of health expenditures, the uses of funds in terms of services purchased, and in terms of who purchases them. The analysis should also aim at understanding how these resource flows are correlated with health system outcomes, including those of improving health, reducing health inequalities, and reducing the incidence of catastrophic health expenditure. National Health Accounts (NHA) provide a framework to collect, compi

Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009. --- Poverty --- Government policy --- Liberia --- Economic conditions --- Destitution --- Global Economic Crisis, 2008-2009 --- Subprime Mortgage Crisis, 2008-2009 --- Interim Government of National Unity (Liberia) --- IGNU --- Republic of Liberia --- Liberië --- Republiek van Liberië --- Republica de Liberia --- Liberiya --- Liberiya Respublikası --- Ліберыя --- Liberyi︠a︡ --- Libirya --- Liberija --- Republika Liberija --- Либерия --- Liberii︠a︡ --- Република Либерия --- Republika Liberii︠a︡ --- Gweriniaeth Liberia --- Republik Liberia --- Libeeria --- Libeeria Vabariik --- Λιβερία --- Liveria --- Δημοκρατια της Λιβεριας --- Dēmokratia tēs Liverias --- Liberio --- Liberiako Errepublika --- République du Liberia --- Libearia --- Labiriyaa --- Libéir --- Laibeer --- Pobblaght ny Laibeer --- Libèiria --- Poblachd Libèiria --- Lýðveldið Líbería --- Repubblica di Liberia --- ליבריה --- Liberyah --- רפובליקת ליבריה --- Republiḳat Liberyah --- 利比里亚 --- Libiliya --- Либерия республика --- Liberii︠a︡ respublika --- Liberi --- Liberya --- Komara Lîberyayê --- Либери --- Libērijas Republika --- Liberijos Respublika --- Libeïa --- Republíki ya Liberia --- Libériai Köztársaság --- Либерија --- Република Либерија --- Liberja --- Tlācatlahtohcāyōtl Liberia --- Republiek Liberia --- Reppubliek Liberië --- リベリア --- Riberia --- リベリア共和国 --- Riberia Kyōwakoku --- Wealth --- Basic needs --- Begging --- Poor --- Subsistence economy --- Financial crises --- IGNU (Liberia)

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908 <666.2> --- Heemkunde. Area studies--Liberia --- 908 <666.2> Heemkunde. Area studies--Liberia --- Liberia --- Interim Government of National Unity (Liberia) --- IGNU (Liberia) --- Republic of Liberia --- Liberië --- Republiek van Liberië --- Republica de Liberia --- Liberiya --- Liberiya Respublikası --- Ліберыя --- Liberyi︠a︡ --- Libirya --- Liberija --- Republika Liberija --- Либерия --- Liberii︠a︡ --- Република Либерия --- Republika Liberii︠a︡ --- Gweriniaeth Liberia --- Republik Liberia --- Libeeria --- Libeeria Vabariik --- Λιβερία --- Liveria --- Δημοκρατια της Λιβεριας --- Dēmokratia tēs Liverias --- Liberio --- Liberiako Errepublika --- République du Liberia --- Libearia --- Labiriyaa --- Libéir --- Laibeer --- Pobblaght ny Laibeer --- Libèiria --- Poblachd Libèiria --- Lýðveldið Líbería --- Repubblica di Liberia --- ליבריה --- Liberyah --- רפובליקת ליבריה --- Republiḳat Liberyah --- 利比里亚 --- Libiliya --- Либерия республика --- Liberii︠a︡ respublika --- Liberi --- Liberya --- Komara Lîberyayê --- Либери --- Libērijas Republika --- Liberijos Respublika --- Libeïa --- Republíki ya Liberia --- Libériai Köztársaság --- Либерија --- Република Либерија --- Liberja --- Tlācatlahtohcāyōtl Liberia --- Republiek Liberia --- Reppubliek Liberië --- リベリア --- Riberia --- リベリア共和国 --- Riberia Kyōwakoku --- History --- Dictionaries

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Every year since 1848 Liberian presidents have delivered a state of the nation address to the Liberian National Legislature reflecting the various facets of the political, social, economic and ethno-cultural situation of the country. Liberia, the first and - for more than a century - the only independent state in Sub-Saharan Africa, was founded in 1822 by an assortment of American non-governmental organizations as an asylum for black Americans. Similar to a comprehensive longitudinal study, this collection of speeches describes the social and economic development of an African country over a time span of more than a century and a half, from 1848 until 2010. As such, it represents the first major research contribution to the history of the political system of one of the first countries of the continent to attain independence. The speeches illuminate the area of conflict between the autochthonous and the black emigrant populations and also documents the relations with the U.S. as "founding nation" and constitutional role model, especially in the 19th century. The presidents' speeches are a rich source of information for gaining a better understanding of Liberia's past and the country's current challenges and future prospects. With The Annual Messages of the Presidents of Liberia 1848-2010, the speeches scattered in various Liberian and American archives and libraries have now for the first time been collected and reconstructed in one single edition. Biographies of the presidents and a scholarly introduction by the editor supplement the 146 speeches. The edition is a valuable source of information on the history and political situation of Africa during the past 163 years. The editor and publisher D. Elwood Dunn teaches political science at Sewanee: The University of the South. From 1974 until 1980 he served in the government of Liberia, becoming a member of the cabinet in 1979. He was editor of the Liberian Studies Journal from 1985 until 1995. Jährlich seit 1848 halten die liberianischen Präsidenten vor dem Parlament eine Rede zur Lage der Nation, in der sich die jeweils aktuelle politische, soziale, wirtschaftliche und ethno-kulturelle Situation des Landes facettenreich widerspiegelt. Liberia, der erste und über ein Jahrhundert der einzige freie Staates Schwarzafrikas, wurde 1822 mit Unterstützung der American Colonization Society als Siedlungsgebiet für Afroamerikaner gegründet. 1847 erklärte Liberia seine Unabhängigkeit und bildete sein politisches System nach dem US-amerikanischen Vorbild aus. Mit der Darstellung der gesellschaftlichen und ökonomischen Entwicklung eines afrikanischen Landes in einem umfassenden historischen Längsschnitt von 1848 bis 2010 über eineinhalb Jahrhunderte hinweg wird erstmals ein Beitrag zur Forschungsgeschichte des politischen Systems eines der ersten unabhängigen Staaten des Kontinents geleistet. Dies trägt zu einer Erhellung des Spannungsfelds zwischen autochthoner Bevölkerung und ameriko-liberianischer Bevölkerung bei und bildet nicht zuletzt eine Dokumentation der Beziehungen zu den USA als der "Gründernation" und verfassungspolitischen Vorbild, besonders im 19. Jahrhundert. Die Reden der Präsidenten stellen somit einen wichtigen Beitrag zum besseren Verständnis der Vergangenheit, der gegenwärtigen Herausforderungen und der zukünftigen Perspektiven Liberias dar. Mit den Annual Messages of the Presidents of Liberia 1848-2010 liegen diese Dokumente, die in zahlreichen liberianischen und US-amerikanischen Archiven und Bibliotheken verstreut sind, erstmals gesammelt und rekonstruiert in einer Edition vor. Ergänzt werden die 146 Reden durch Biographien der Präsidenten sowie einer wissenschaftlichen Einleitung des Herausgebers. Die Edition stellt eine erstrangige Quelle zur Geschichte und Politik Afrikas der letzten 163 Jahre dar. Der Bearbeiter und Herausgeber D. Elwood Dunn lehrt Politikwissenschaften an der University of the South, Sewanee. Er arbeitete von 1974 bis 1980 für die liberianische Regierung, seit 1979 als Kabinettsmitglied, und war von 1985 bis 1995 als Herausgeber des "Liberian Studies Journal" tätig.

Presidents --- Speeches, addresses, etc., Liberian. --- Liberian orations --- Liberian speeches --- Presidency --- Heads of state --- Executive power --- Liberia --- Dēmokratia tēs Liverias --- Gweriniaeth Liberia --- IGNU (Liberia) --- Interim Government of National Unity (Liberia) --- Komara Lîberyayê --- Labiriyaa --- Laibeer --- Libearia --- Libeeria --- Libeeria Vabariik --- Libeïa --- Libéir --- Libèiria --- Liberi --- Libériai Köztársaság --- Liberiako Errepublika --- Liberië --- Liberii︠a︡ --- Liberii︠a︡ respublika --- Liberija --- Libērijas Republika --- Liberijos Respublika --- Liberio --- Liberiya --- Liberiya Respublikası --- Liberja --- Liberya --- Liberyah --- Liberyi︠a︡ --- Libiliya --- Libirya --- Liveria --- Lýðveldið Líbería --- Pobblaght ny Laibeer --- Poblachd Libèiria --- Reppubliek Liberië --- Repubblica di Liberia --- Republic of Liberia --- Republica de Liberia --- Republiek Liberia --- Republiek van Liberië --- Republik Liberia --- Republika Liberii︠a︡ --- Republika Liberija --- Republiḳat Liberyah --- Republíki ya Liberia --- République du Liberia --- Riberia --- Riberia Kyōwakoku --- Tlācatlahtohcāyōtl Liberia --- Δημοκρατια της Λιβεριας --- Λιβερία --- Република Либерия --- Република Либерија --- Либери --- Либерия --- Либерия республика --- Либерија --- Ліберыя --- רפובליקת ליבריה --- ליבריה --- リベリア --- リベリア共和国 --- 利比里亚 --- Politics and government --- Afro-American History. --- History/Africa. --- Liberia.