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This comprehensive work examines the complex transformation of the Iraqi Communist Party from vanguard actor under Iraq's conservative monarchy to rearguard lackey under US occupation. Born in the interlude between two world wars, the Communist Party of Iraq was fostered by Iraq's embryonic intelligentsia as an approach to national liberation during the period of British domination. Driven underground or into exile by successive waves of Baathist repression beginning in 1963, the party's leadership became progressively dependent on and subservient to the Soviet Union. Dissatisfied with the party's irrelevance to Iraq's sociopolitical dynamics, reform efforts were thwarted by the old-guard leadership, and in the mid-1970s the party fragmented. With the fall of the Hussein regime and the US occupation of Iraq in 2003, the remnants of the party's old guard connected with the US-installed government and became part of the US project in Iraq.

Ḥizb al-Shuyūʻī al-ʻIrāqī --- حزب الشيوعي العراقي --- Iraqi Communist Party --- ICP --- Irakskai︠a︡ Kommunisticheskai︠a︡ Partii︠a︡ --- Ḧizbî Şiyuʻî ʻÎraq --- I.C.P. --- History. --- Iraq --- Politics and government --- Ḥizb al-Shuyūʻī al-ʻIrāq --- Social Sciences --- Political Science --- Hizb al-Shuyui al-Iraqi

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Population policy --- Population --- International Conference on Population and Development --- Population policy. --- Population. --- Population planning --- Social policy --- Human population --- Human populations --- Population growth --- Populations, Human --- Economics --- Human ecology --- Sociology --- Demography --- Malthusianism --- CIPD (Conference) --- C.I.P.D. (Conference) --- Conférence internationale sur la population et le développement --- Conférence internationale sur la population et le développement durable --- Conférence internationale sur population et développement --- Conference on Population and Development, International --- Conferencia Internacional sobre la Población y el Desarrollo --- Conferencia Internacional sobre Población y Desarrollo --- Conferencia Internacional sobre População e Desenvolvimento --- Conferința Internațională pentru Populație și Dezvoltare --- ICPD (Conference) --- I.C.P.D. (Conference) --- Internationale Conferentie over Bevolking en Ontwikkeling --- Internationale konference om befolkning og udvikling --- Internationale Konferenz über Bevölkerung und Entwicklung --- Kokusai Jinkō Kaihatsu Kaigi --- Konferensi International Kependudukan dan Pembangunan (Cairo, Egypt) --- Konferensi Kependudukan --- Mkutano wa Kimataifa juu ya Idadi ya Watu Duniani na Maendeleo --- Muʼtamar al-Duwalī lil-Sukkān wa-al-Tanmiyah --- Population and Development Conference --- United Nations International Conference on Population and Development --- 国際人口開発会議 --- Congresses

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Emigration and immigration --- Population --- Population policy --- Women --- -Human females --- Wimmin --- Woman --- Womon --- Womyn --- Females --- Human beings --- Femininity --- Population planning --- Social policy --- Human population --- Human populations --- Population growth --- Populations, Human --- Economics --- Human ecology --- Sociology --- Demography --- Malthusianism --- Immigration --- International migration --- Migration, International --- Population geography --- Assimilation (Sociology) --- Colonization --- Health and hygiene --- -Health and hygiene --- Fertility, Human --- Health of women --- Health education of women --- Human fertility --- Natality --- Human reproduction --- Infertility --- Hygiene --- Diseases --- International Conference on Population and Development --- CIPD (Conference) --- C.I.P.D. (Conference) --- Conférence internationale sur la population et le développement --- Conférence internationale sur la population et le développement durable --- Conférence internationale sur population et développement --- Conference on Population and Development, International --- Conferencia Internacional sobre la Población y el Desarrollo --- Conferencia Internacional sobre Población y Desarrollo --- Conferencia Internacional sobre População e Desenvolvimento --- Conferința Internațională pentru Populație și Dezvoltare --- ICPD (Conference) --- I.C.P.D. (Conference) --- Internationale Conferentie over Bevolking en Ontwikkeling --- Internationale konference om befolkning og udvikling --- Internationale Konferenz über Bevölkerung und Entwicklung --- Kokusai Jinkō Kaihatsu Kaigi --- Konferensi International Kependudukan dan Pembangunan (Cairo, Egypt) --- Konferensi Kependudukan --- Mkutano wa Kimataifa juu ya Idadi ya Watu Duniani na Maendeleo --- Muʼtamar al-Duwalī lil-Sukkān wa-al-Tanmiyah --- Population and Development Conference --- United Nations International Conference on Population and Development --- 国際人口開発会議

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Reproductive Health and Human Rights: The Way Forward critically reflects on the past fifteen years of international efforts aimed at improving health, alleviating poverty, diminishing gender inequality, and promoting human rights. The volume includes essays by leading scholars and practitioners that are centered on the 1994 United Nations International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) and its resulting Programme of Action. ICPD, an agreement among 179 governments, UN agencies, and NGOs, was intended to shape population and development policy-reinterpreted and redefined as "reproductive health." More than a decade after the enthusiasm that accompanied ICPD, there is growing concern about its effectiveness in the context of global health and development. Reproductive Health and Human Rights addresses that concern.The book grapples with fundamental questions about the relationships among population, fertility decline, reproductive health, human rights, poverty alleviation, and development and assesses the various arguments-demographic, public health, human rights-based, and economic-for and against ICPD today.A number of the chapters address institutional challenges to ICPD and consider how the changing political, religious, academic, and disciplinary contexts matter. Other chapters engage operational and conceptual issues and whether ICPD has been able to move the reproductive health agenda forward on topics such as maternal mortality, abortion, HIV/AIDS, adolescents, reproductive technologies, and demography. Finally, several chapters examine how ICPD has been sidelined by emerging health and development agendas and what could be done in response. Unlike any book yet published, Reproductive Health and Human Rights: The Way Forward examines the state of the arguments for reproductive health and rights from a multidisciplinary perspective that provides policymakers, scholars, and activists with a better understanding of how reproductive health and rights have developed, their place in the global policy agenda, and how they might evolve most effectively in the future.

Human rights. --- Reproductive health. --- International cooperation. --- Right to health --- Women --- Droits de l'homme (Droit international) --- Santé de la reproduction --- Coopération internationale --- Droit à la santé --- Femmes --- Legal status, laws, etc --- Droit --- ICPD Programme of Action. --- Human Rights --- Reproductive health --- International Cooperation --- Reproductive Medicine --- Reproductive Rights --- Women's Health --- ICPD Programme of Action --- International Conference on Population and Development --- Right to health care. --- Right to health. --- Reproductive Medicine. --- International Cooperation. --- Reproductive Rights. --- Women's Health. --- Santé de la reproduction --- Coopération internationale --- Droit à la santé --- Health care, Right to --- Health, Right to --- Medical care, Right to --- Right to health care --- Right to medical care --- Social rights --- Cooperation, International --- Global governance --- Institutions, International --- Interdependence of nations --- International institutions --- World order --- Cooperation --- International relations --- International organization --- Human reproduction --- Human reproductive health --- Human reproductive medicine --- Reproductive medicine --- Health --- Basic rights --- Civil rights (International law) --- Human rights --- Rights, Human --- Rights of man --- Human security --- Transitional justice --- Truth commissions --- Health aspects --- Law and legislation --- Cairo Programme of Action --- ICPD Program of Action --- CIPD (Conference) --- C.I.P.D. (Conference) --- Conférence internationale sur la population et le développement --- Conférence internationale sur la population et le développement durable --- Conférence internationale sur population et développement --- Conference on Population and Development, International --- Conferencia Internacional sobre la Población y el Desarrollo --- Conferencia Internacional sobre Población y Desarrollo --- Conferencia Internacional sobre População e Desenvolvimento --- Conferința Internațională pentru Populație și Dezvoltare --- ICPD (Conference) --- I.C.P.D. (Conference) --- Internationale Conferentie over Bevolking en Ontwikkeling --- Internationale konference om befolkning og udvikling --- Internationale Konferenz über Bevölkerung und Entwicklung --- Kokusai Jinkō Kaihatsu Kaigi --- Konferensi International Kependudukan dan Pembangunan (Cairo, Egypt) --- Konferensi Kependudukan --- Mkutano wa Kimataifa juu ya Idadi ya Watu Duniani na Maendeleo --- Muʼtamar al-Duwalī lil-Sukkān wa-al-Tanmiyah --- Population and Development Conference --- United Nations International Conference on Population and Development --- 国際人口開発会議 --- Caregiving. --- Gender Studies. --- Health. --- Human Rights. --- Law. --- Medicine. --- Political Science. --- Public Policy. --- Women's Studies.