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Book
The seven deadly sins of psychology : a manifesto for reforming the culture of scientific practice
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ISBN: 9780691158907 0691158908 9780691192031 0691192030 9780691192277 0691192278 Year: 2017 Publisher: Princeton, N.J. Princeton University Press

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Abstract

Chris Chambers draws on his own experiences as a working scientist to reveal a dark side to psychology that few of us ever see. Using the seven deadly sins as a metaphor, he shows how practitioners are vulnerable to powerful biases that undercut the scientific method, how they routinely torture data until it produces outcomes that can be published in prestigious journals, and how studies are much less reliable than advertised. He reveals how a culture of secrecy denies the public and other researchers access to the results of psychology experiments, how fraudulent academics can operate with impunity, and how an obsession with bean counting creates perverse incentives for academics ... Outlining a core set of best practices that can be applied across the sciences, Chambers demonstrates how all these sins can be corrected by embracing open science, an emerging philosophy that seeks to make research and its outcomes as transparent as possible. Provided by publisher. Psychological science has made extraordinary discoveries about the human mind, but can we trust everything its practitioners are telling us? In recent years, it has become increasingly apparent that a lot of research in psychology is based on weak evidence, questionable practices, and sometimes even fraud. The Seven Deadly Sins of Psychology diagnoses the ills besetting the discipline today and proposes sensible, practical solutions to ensure that it remains a legitimate and reliable science in the years ahead. In this unflinchingly candid manifesto, Chris Chambers draws on his own experiences as a working scientist to reveal a dark side to psychology that few of us ever see. Using the seven deadly sins as a metaphor, he shows how practitioners are vulnerable to powerful biases that undercut the scientific method, how they routinely torture data until it produces outcomes that can be published in prestigious journals, and how studies are much less reliable than advertised. He reveals how a culture of secrecy denies the public and other researchers access to the results of psychology experiments, how fraudulent academics can operate with impunity, and how an obsession with bean counting creates perverse incentives for academics. Left unchecked, these problems threaten the very future of psychology as a science but help is here. Outlining a core set of best practices that can be applied across the sciences, Chambers demonstrates how all these sins can be corrected by embracing open science, an emerging philosophy that seeks to make research and its outcomes as transparent as possible. Publisher's description

Keywords

Psychology --- Psychologie --- Research --- Methodology --- Recherche --- Méthodologie --- Psychology, Clinical. --- Methodology. --- Research. --- Philosophy of science --- Méthodologie --- Recherche. --- Méthodologie. --- Psychological research --- Psychology, Clinical --- Academic publishing. --- Adversarial collaboration. --- Alzheimer's disease. --- Ambiguity. --- American Psychological Association. --- Article processing charge. --- Author. --- Bayes' theorem. --- Bayesian. --- Blog. --- Calculation. --- Career. --- Center for Open Science. --- Cherry picking. --- Cognitive psychology. --- Confirmation bias. --- Counting. --- Criticism. --- Data set. --- Data. --- Edition (book). --- Editorial. --- Effect size. --- Estimation. --- Experiment. --- Experimental psychology. --- Explanation. --- Fallacy. --- False positive rate. --- Finding. --- Fraud. --- Funding. --- Guideline. --- Hypothetico-deductive model. --- Impact factor. --- Independent scientist. --- Institution. --- Jargon. --- John Bargh. --- Law of small numbers. --- Literature. --- Manuscript. --- Meta-analysis. --- Misconduct. --- Narrative. --- Null hypothesis. --- Open science. --- P-value. --- PLOS ONE. --- PLOS. --- Paperback. --- Participant. --- Paywall. --- Peer review. --- Percentage. --- Post hoc analysis. --- Postdoctoral researcher. --- Precognition. --- Prevalence. --- Probability. --- Psychiatry. --- Psychological Science. --- Psychological research. --- Psychologist. --- Psychology. --- Psychonomic Society. --- Publication bias. --- Publication. --- Publishing. --- Quantity. --- Raw data. --- Reprimand. --- Reproducibility. --- Reputation. --- Requirement. --- Result. --- Reuse. --- Sample Size. --- Sampling (statistics). --- Science. --- Scientific literature. --- Scientific method. --- Scientific misconduct. --- Scientist. --- Scrutiny (journal). --- Scrutiny. --- Sharing. --- Signature. --- Social psychology. --- Statistical hypothesis testing. --- Statistical power. --- Statistical significance. --- Statistician. --- Statistics. --- Suggestion. --- Tilburg University. --- Type I and type II errors. --- Whistleblower. --- Writing. --- Méthodologie.


Book
Data, Instruments, and Theory
Author:
ISBN: 1400854938 0691611882 9781400854936 Year: 2014 Publisher: Princeton, NJ

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Abstract

Robert John Ackermann deals decisively with the problem of relativism that has plagued post-empiricist philosophy of science. Recognizing that theory and data are mediated by data domains (bordered data sets produced by scientific instruments), he argues that the use of instruments breaks the dependency of observation on theory and thus creates a reasoned basis for scientific objectivity.Originally published in 1985.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Keywords

Logic. --- Science --- Argumentation --- Deduction (Logic) --- Deductive logic --- Dialectic (Logic) --- Logic, Deductive --- Intellect --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Reasoning --- Thought and thinking --- Science and society --- Sociology of science --- Normal science --- Philosophy of science --- Social aspects. --- Philosophy. --- Methodology --- Ad hominem. --- Alternative hypothesis. --- Analogy. --- Analytic–synthetic distinction. --- Basic research. --- Bayesian probability. --- Behavioural sciences. --- Branches of science. --- Calculation. --- Case study. --- Circumlocution. --- Concept. --- Consciousness. --- Critical theory. --- Decision-making. --- Deductive-nomological model. --- Design of experiments. --- Dialectic. --- Emergence. --- Empiricism. --- Engineering. --- Epistemology. --- Experiment. --- Experimental data. --- Explanation. --- Explanatory model. --- Fact. --- Finalization. --- Form of life (philosophy). --- Grand theory. --- Heuristic. --- Historical method. --- Historicism. --- Holism. --- Human science. --- Hypothesis. --- Hypothetico-deductive model. --- Idealization. --- Ideology. --- Inductive reasoning. --- Inference. --- Instrumentalism. --- Interaction. --- Knowledge and Human Interests. --- Laboratory Life. --- Mathematics. --- Mechanism design. --- Methodology. --- Modern physics. --- Natural science. --- Objectivity (science). --- Observation. --- Ontology. --- Paradigm shift. --- Paradigm. --- Phenomenon. --- Philosopher. --- Philosophical analysis. --- Philosophical theory. --- Philosophy of science. --- Phrenology. --- Planck's principle. --- Positivism. --- Potentiality and actuality. --- Prediction. --- Probability theory. --- Proofs and Refutations. --- Pseudoscience. --- Quantification (science). --- Reagent. --- Reason. --- Relativism. --- Research program. --- Result. --- Science policy. --- Science. --- Scientific method. --- Scientific progress. --- Scientific realism. --- Scientific theory. --- Scientist. --- Situational analysis. --- Sociology. --- Sophistication. --- Subjectivism. --- Testability. --- The Conceptual Framework. --- The Structure of Science. --- Theoretical definition. --- Theoretical physics. --- Theory. --- Thomas Kuhn. --- Thought experiment. --- Thought. --- Transcendental arguments. --- Type theory. --- Utilitarianism. --- Verificationism. --- Verisimilitude.

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