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Book
The doctrine of triangles : a history of modern trigonometry
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ISBN: 9780691219875 0691219877 0691219877 Year: 2021 Publisher: Princeton, New Jersey : Princeton University Press,

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Abstract

"An interdisciplinary history of trigonometry from the mid-sixteenth century through to the early twentieth century. The Doctrine of Triangles offers an interdisciplinary history of trigonometry that spans four centuries, starting in 1550 and concluding in the 1900s. Glen Van Brummelen tells the story of trigonometry as it evolved from an instrument for understanding the heavens to a practical tool, used in fields such as surveying and navigation. In Europe, China, and America, trigonometry aided and was itself transformed by concurrent mathematical revolutions, as well as the rise of science and technology. Following its uses in mid-sixteenth-century Europe as the "foot of the ladder to the stars" and the mathematical helpmate of astronomy, trigonometry became a ubiquitous tool for modeling various phenomena, including animal populations and sound waves. In the late sixteenth century, trigonometry increasingly entered the physical world through the practical disciplines, and its societal reach expanded with the invention of logarithms. Calculus shifted mathematical reasoning from geometric to algebraic patterns of thought, and trigonometry's participation in this new mathematical analysis grew, encouraging such innovations as complex numbers and non-Euclidean geometry. Meanwhile in China, trigonometry was evolving rapidly too, sometimes merging with indigenous forms of knowledge, and with Western discoveries. In the nineteenth century, trigonometry became even more integral to science and industry as a fundamental part of the science and engineering toolbox, and a staple subject in high school classrooms" --


Book
Elliptic Partial Differential Equations and Quasiconformal Mappings in the Plane (PMS-48)
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 1282157272 9786612157271 1400830117 9781400830114 9780691137773 0691137773 9781282157279 6612157275 Year: 2008 Publisher: Princeton, NJ

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This book explores the most recent developments in the theory of planar quasiconformal mappings with a particular focus on the interactions with partial differential equations and nonlinear analysis. It gives a thorough and modern approach to the classical theory and presents important and compelling applications across a spectrum of mathematics: dynamical systems, singular integral operators, inverse problems, the geometry of mappings, and the calculus of variations. It also gives an account of recent advances in harmonic analysis and their applications in the geometric theory of mappings. The book explains that the existence, regularity, and singular set structures for second-order divergence-type equations--the most important class of PDEs in applications--are determined by the mathematics underpinning the geometry, structure, and dimension of fractal sets; moduli spaces of Riemann surfaces; and conformal dynamical systems. These topics are inextricably linked by the theory of quasiconformal mappings. Further, the interplay between them allows the authors to extend classical results to more general settings for wider applicability, providing new and often optimal answers to questions of existence, regularity, and geometric properties of solutions to nonlinear systems in both elliptic and degenerate elliptic settings.

Keywords

Differential equations, Elliptic. --- Quasiconformal mappings. --- Mappings, Quasiconformal --- Conformal mapping --- Functions of complex variables --- Geometric function theory --- Mappings (Mathematics) --- Elliptic differential equations --- Elliptic partial differential equations --- Linear elliptic differential equations --- Differential equations, Linear --- Differential equations, Partial --- Adjoint equation. --- Analytic function. --- Analytic proof. --- Banach space. --- Beltrami equation. --- Boundary value problem. --- Bounded mean oscillation. --- Calculus of variations. --- Cantor function. --- Cartesian product. --- Cauchy–Riemann equations. --- Central limit theorem. --- Characterization (mathematics). --- Complex analysis. --- Complex plane. --- Conformal geometry. --- Conformal map. --- Conjugate variables. --- Continuous function (set theory). --- Coordinate space. --- Degeneracy (mathematics). --- Differential equation. --- Directional derivative. --- Dirichlet integral. --- Dirichlet problem. --- Disk (mathematics). --- Distribution (mathematics). --- Elliptic operator. --- Elliptic partial differential equation. --- Equation. --- Equations of motion. --- Euler–Lagrange equation. --- Explicit formulae (L-function). --- Factorization. --- Fourier transform. --- Fubini's theorem. --- Geometric function theory. --- Geometric measure theory. --- Geometry. --- Harmonic conjugate. --- Harmonic function. --- Harmonic map. --- Harmonic measure. --- Hilbert transform. --- Holomorphic function. --- Homeomorphism. --- Hyperbolic geometry. --- Hyperbolic trigonometry. --- Invertible matrix. --- Jacobian matrix and determinant. --- Julia set. --- Lagrangian (field theory). --- Laplace's equation. --- Limit (mathematics). --- Linear differential equation. --- Linear equation. --- Linear fractional transformation. --- Linear map. --- Linearization. --- Lipschitz continuity. --- Locally integrable function. --- Lusin's theorem. --- Mathematical optimization. --- Mathematics. --- Maxima and minima. --- Maxwell's equations. --- Measure (mathematics). --- Metric space. --- Mirror symmetry (string theory). --- Moduli space. --- Modulus of continuity. --- Monodromy theorem. --- Monotonic function. --- Montel's theorem. --- Operator (physics). --- Operator theory. --- Partial derivative. --- Partial differential equation. --- Poisson formula. --- Polynomial. --- Quadratic function. --- Quasiconformal mapping. --- Quasiconvex function. --- Quasisymmetric function. --- Renormalization. --- Riemann sphere. --- Riemann surface. --- Riemannian geometry. --- Riesz transform. --- Riesz–Thorin theorem. --- Sign (mathematics). --- Sobolev space. --- Square-integrable function. --- Support (mathematics). --- Theorem. --- Two-dimensional space. --- Uniformization theorem. --- Upper half-plane. --- Variable (mathematics). --- Weyl's lemma (Laplace equation).

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