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The authors introduce and study the notions of hyperbolically embedded and very rotating families of subgroups. The former notion can be thought of as a generalization of the peripheral structure of a relatively hyperbolic group, while the latter one provides a natural framework for developing a geometric version of small cancellation theory. Examples of such families naturally occur in groups acting on hyperbolic spaces including hyperbolic and relatively hyperbolic groups, mapping class groups, Out(F_n), and the Cremona group. Other examples can be found among groups acting geometrically on CAT(0) spaces, fundamental groups of graphs of groups, etc. The authors obtain a number of general results about rotating families and hyperbolically embedded subgroups; although their technique applies to a wide class of groups, it is capable of producing new results even for well-studied particular classes. For instance, the authors solve two open problems about mapping class groups, and obtain some results which are new even for relatively hyperbolic groups.
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Hyperbolic spaces. --- Hyperbolic groups. --- Espaces hyperboliques --- Groupes hyperboliques --- Hyperbolic spaces --- Hyperbolic groups --- Espaces hyperboliques. --- Groupes hyperboliques.
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Automorphic forms. --- Hyperbolic spaces. --- Topology. --- Formes automorphes. --- Espaces hyperboliques. --- Topologie.
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Chaotic behavior in systems --- Differentiable dynamical systems --- Hyperbolic spaces
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Outer billiards provides a toy model for planetary motion and exhibits intricate and mysterious behavior even for seemingly simple examples. It is a dynamical system in which a particle in the plane moves around the outside of a convex shape according to a scheme that is reminiscent of ordinary billiards. The Plaid Model, which is a self-contained sequel to Richard Schwartz's Outer Billiards on Kites, provides a combinatorial model for orbits of outer billiards on kites.Schwartz relates these orbits to such topics as polytope exchange transformations, renormalization, continued fractions, corner percolation, and the Truchet tile system. The combinatorial model, called "the plaid model," has a self-similar structure that blends geometry and elementary number theory. The results were discovered through computer experimentation and it seems that the conclusions would be extremely difficult to reach through traditional mathematics.The book includes an extensive computer program that allows readers to explore materials interactively and each theorem is accompanied by a computer demo.
Hyperbolic spaces. --- Singularities (Mathematics) --- Transformations (Mathematics) --- Geometry, Plane.
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Over the past three decades there has been a total revolution in the classic branch of mathematics called 3-dimensional topology, namely the discovery that most solid 3-dimensional shapes are hyperbolic 3-manifolds. This book introduces and explains hyperbolic geometry and hyperbolic 3- and 2-dimensional manifolds in the first two chapters and then goes on to develop the subject. The author discusses the profound discoveries of the astonishing features of these 3-manifolds, helping the reader to understand them without going into long, detailed formal proofs. The book is heavily illustrated with pictures, mostly in color, that help explain the manifold properties described in the text. Each chapter ends with a set of exercises and explorations that both challenge the reader to prove assertions made in the text, and suggest further topics to explore that bring additional insight. There is an extensive index and bibliography.
Three-manifolds (Topology) --- Geometry, Hyperbolic. --- Complex manifolds. --- Hyperbolic spaces.
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The automorphisms of a two-generator free group mathsf F_2 acting on the space of orientation-preserving isometric actions of mathsf F_2 on hyperbolic 3-space defines a dynamical system. Those actions which preserve a hyperbolic plane but not an orientation on that plane is an invariant subsystem, which reduces to an action of a group Gamma on mathbb R ^3 by polynomial automorphisms preserving the cubic polynomial kappa _Phi (x,y,z) := -x^{2} -y^{2} + z^{2} + x y z -2 and an area form on the level surfaces kappa _{Phi}^{-1}(k).
Isometrics (Mathematics) --- Group theory. --- Automorphisms. --- Hyperbolic spaces. --- Free groups.
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