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The volume conjecture states that a certain limit of the colored Jones polynomial of a knot in the three-dimensional sphere would give the volume of the knot complement. Here the colored Jones polynomial is a generalization of the celebrated Jones polynomial and is defined by using a so-called R-matrix that is associated with the N-dimensional representation of the Lie algebra sl(2;C). The volume conjecture was first stated by R. Kashaev in terms of his own invariant defined by using the quantum dilogarithm. Later H. Murakami and J. Murakami proved that Kashaev’s invariant is nothing but the N-dimensional colored Jones polynomial evaluated at the Nth root of unity. Then the volume conjecture turns out to be a conjecture that relates an algebraic object, the colored Jones polynomial, with a geometric object, the volume. In this book we start with the definition of the colored Jones polynomial by using braid presentations of knots. Then we state the volume conjecture and give a very elementary proof of the conjecture for the figure-eight knot following T. Ekholm. We then give a rough idea of the “proof”, that is, we show why we think the conjecture is true at least in the case of hyperbolic knots by showing how the summation formula for the colored Jones polynomial “looks like” the hyperbolicity equations of the knot complement. We also describe a generalization of the volume conjecture that corresponds to a deformation of the complete hyperbolic structure of a knot complement. This generalization would relate the colored Jones polynomial of a knot to the volume and the Chern–Simons invariant of a certain representation of the fundamental group of the knot complement to the Lie group SL(2;C). We finish by mentioning further generalizations of the volume conjecture.

Topology --- Geometry --- Mathematics --- Mathematical physics --- wiskunde --- fysica --- geometrie --- topologie --- Mathematical physics. --- Topology. --- Hyperbolic geometry. --- Mathematical Physics. --- Hyperbolic Geometry.

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The package of Gromov’s pseudo-holomorphic curves is a major tool in global symplectic geometry and its applications, including mirror symmetry and Hamiltonian dynamics. The Kuranishi structure was introduced by two of the authors of the present volume in the mid-1990s to apply this machinery on general symplectic manifolds without assuming any specific restrictions. It was further amplified by this book’s authors in their monograph Lagrangian Intersection Floer Theory and in many other publications of theirs and others. Answering popular demand, the authors now present the current book, in which they provide a detailed, self-contained explanation of the theory of Kuranishi structures. Part I discusses the theory on a single space equipped with Kuranishi structure, called a K-space, and its relevant basic package. First, the definition of a K-space and maps to the standard manifold are provided. Definitions are given for fiber products, differential forms, partitions of unity, and the notion of CF-perturbations on the K-space. Then, using CF-perturbations, the authors define the integration on K-space and the push-forward of differential forms, and generalize Stokes' formula and Fubini's theorem in this framework. Also, “virtual fundamental class” is defined, and its cobordism invariance is proved. Part II discusses the (compatible) system of K-spaces and the process of going from “geometry” to “homological algebra”. Thorough explanations of the extension of given perturbations on the boundary to the interior are presented. Also explained is the process of taking the “homotopy limit” needed to handle a system of infinitely many moduli spaces. Having in mind the future application of these chain level constructions beyond those already known, an axiomatic approach is taken by listing the properties of the system of the relevant moduli spaces and then a self-contained account of the construction of the associated algebraic structures is given. This axiomatic approach makes the exposition contained here independent of previously published construction of relevant structures. .

Differential geometry. --- Hyperbolic geometry. --- Polytopes. --- Differential Geometry. --- Hyperbolic Geometry. --- Hyperspace --- Topology --- Hyperbolic geometry --- Lobachevski geometry --- Lobatschevski geometry --- Geometry, Non-Euclidean --- Differential geometry --- Geometry, Differential. --- Geometry, Hyperbolic. --- Cohomology operations. --- Operations (Algebraic topology) --- Algebraic topology

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Although it arose from purely theoretical considerations of the underlying axioms of geometry, the work of Einstein and Dirac has demonstrated that hyperbolic geometry is a fundamental aspect of modern physics. In this book, the rich geometry of the hyperbolic plane is studied in detail, leading to the focal point of the book, Poincare's polygon theorem and the relationship between hyperbolic geometries and discrete groups of isometries. Hyperbolic 3-space is also discussed, and the directions that current research in this field is taking are sketched. This will be an excellent introduction to hyperbolic geometry for students new to the subject, and for experts in other fields.

Geometry, Hyperbolic. --- Hyperbolic geometry --- Lobachevski geometry --- Lobatschevski geometry --- Geometry, Non-Euclidean

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This textbook provides a second course in complex analysis with a focus on geometric aspects. It covers topics such as the spherical geometry of the extended complex plane, the hyperbolic geometry of the Poincaré disk, conformal mappings, the Riemann Mapping Theorem and uniformisation of planar domains, characterisations of simply connected domains, the convergence of Riemann maps in terms of Carathéodory convergence of the image domains, normal families and Picard's theorems on value distribution, as well as the fundamentals of univalent function theory. Throughout the text, the synergy between analysis and geometry is emphasised, with proofs chosen for their directness. The textbook is self-contained, requiring only a first undergraduate course in complex analysis. The minimal topology needed is introduced as necessary. While primarily aimed at upper-level undergraduates, the book also serves as a concise reference for graduates working in complex analysis.

Functions of complex variables. --- Geometry, Hyperbolic. --- Functions of a Complex Variable. --- Hyperbolic Geometry.

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This textbook provides an introduction to group theory starting from the basics, relying on geometry to elucidate its various aspects. Groups naturally manifest as symmetries of geometric shapes, such as reflections and rotations. The book adopts this perspective to provide a straightforward, descriptive explanation, supported by examples and exercises in GAP, an open-source computer algebra system. It covers all of the key concepts of group theory, including homomorphisms, group operations, presentations, products of groups, and finite, abelian, and solvable groups. The topics include cyclic and symmetric groups, dihedral, orthogonal, and hyperbolic groups, as well as the significant notion of Cayley graphs. Self-contained and requiring little beyond high school mathematics, this book is aimed at undergraduate courses and features numerous exercises. It will also appeal to anyone interested in the geometric approach to group theory.

Group theory --- Geometry --- Mathematics --- wiskunde --- geometrie --- Group theory. --- Geometry. --- Geometry, Hyperbolic. --- Group Theory and Generalizations. --- Hyperbolic Geometry.