Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Bodily contrasts - from the colour of hair, eyes and skin to the shape of faces and skeletons - allowed the English of the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries to discriminate systematically among themselves and against non-Anglophone groups. Making use of an array of sources, this book examines how early modern English people understood bodily difference. It demonstrates that individuals' distinctive features were considered innate, even as discrete populations were believed to have characteristics in common, and challenges the idea that the humoral theory of bodily composition was incompatible with visceral inequality or racism. While 'race' had not assumed its modern valence, and 'racial' ideologies were still to come, such typecasting nonetheless had mundane, lasting consequences. Grounded in humoral physiology, and Christian universalism notwithstanding, bodily prejudices inflected social stratification, domestic politics, sectarian division and international relations.

Racism --- Discrimination --- Physical anthropology --- History --- 1600-1799 --- England. --- Class. --- Colonisation. --- Ethnicity. --- Health. --- Human body. --- Humoralism. --- Migration. --- Monogenesis. --- Nationalism. --- Racism.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Byzantine medicine remains a little known and misrepresented field not only in the context of debates on medieval medicine, but also among Byzantinists themselves. It is often viewed as 'stagnant' and mainly preserving ancient ideas, and our knowledge of it continues to be based to a great extent on the comments of earlier authorities, which are often repeated uncritically. 0This volume presents the first comprehensive examination of the medical corpus of, arguably, the most important Late Byzantine physician: John Zacharias Aktouarios (c.1275-c.1330). Its main thesis is that John's medical works show an astonishing degree of openness to knowledge from outside Byzantium combined with a significant degree of originality, in particular, in the fields of uroscopy and human physiology. The analysis of John's edited (On Urines and On Psychic Pneuma) and unedited (Medical Epitome) treatises is supported for the first time by the consultation of a large number of manuscripts, and is also informed by evidence from a wide range of medical sources, including those previously unpublished, and texts from other genres, such as epistolography and merchants' accounts. The contextualization of John's corpus sheds new light on the development of Byzantine medical thought and practice, and enhances our understanding of the Late Byzantine social and intellectual landscape. Through examination of his medical observations in the light of examples from the medieval Latin and Islamic worlds, his theories are also placed within the wider Mediterranean milieu, highlighting the cultural exchange between Byzantium and its neighbours.

Medicine, Medieval --- Medicine, Medieval. --- History of Medicine. --- Medizin. --- Erfindung. --- Actuarius, Joannes --- Byzantine Empire. --- Byzanz. --- Humoralism --- History, Medieval --- History of Medicine, Medieval --- History of Medicine, Renaissance --- Medicine, Medieval History --- Medicine, Renaissance --- Medieval History (Medicine) --- Renaissance Medicine --- Medieval History --- Histories, Medieval (Medicine) --- History Medicine, Medieval --- History, Medieval (Medicine) --- Medieval Histories (Medicine) --- Medieval History Medicine --- Medieval medicine --- Byzantium. --- Byzantine Empire --- Medicine, Medieval - Byzantine Empire --- History of Medicine