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Book
Bodies complexioned
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ISBN: 1526134500 1526146657 1526134497 9781526134493 1526134489 9781526134486 Year: 2019 Publisher: Manchester

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Abstract

Bodily contrasts - from the colour of hair, eyes and skin to the shape of faces and skeletons - allowed the English of the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries to discriminate systematically among themselves and against non-Anglophone groups. Making use of an array of sources, this book examines how early modern English people understood bodily difference. It demonstrates that individuals' distinctive features were considered innate, even as discrete populations were believed to have characteristics in common, and challenges the idea that the humoral theory of bodily composition was incompatible with visceral inequality or racism. While 'race' had not assumed its modern valence, and 'racial' ideologies were still to come, such typecasting nonetheless had mundane, lasting consequences. Grounded in humoral physiology, and Christian universalism notwithstanding, bodily prejudices inflected social stratification, domestic politics, sectarian division and international relations.


Book
Über die Säfte
Authors: ---
ISBN: 9783110355376 9783110362442 9783110377200 9783110362459 3110362457 3110362449 311035537X 3110377209 Year: 2014 Volume: part. I 3,1 Publisher: Berlin

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Dieses Buch enthält die erste kritische Ausgabe der hippokratischen Schrift De humoribus (Über die Säfte), die auf allen bekannten Überlieferungsträgern beruht: So wurde neben verschiedenen griechischen Textzeugen auch eine arabische Übersetzung herangezogen, deren Verwendung aufgrund der problematischen Überlieferungssituation eine Edition eigentlich erst möglich machte. Eine deutsche Übersetzung des griechischen Textes sowie ausführliche Anmerkungen dienen außerdem dazu, das Verständnis dieses nicht immer ganz leicht zugänglichen Textes zu erleichtern.Die Schrift De humoribus hat die Forscher von der Antike bis in die Moderne vor große Probleme gestellt. Insbesondere die Tatsache, dass sie oftmals nur eine Aneinanderreihung von medizinischen Begriffen und Sätzen zu sein scheint, hat die Frage aufgeworfen, wer sie zu welchem Zweck verfasst hat. Eine genauere Untersuchung hat nun ergeben, dass sie das Ergebnis der Arbeit eines Arztes ist, der um 400 v. Chr. aus unterschiedlichen Quellen einzelne Notizen zusammengestellt hat, die ihm als Vorarbeit zu einer größeren Abhandlung dienten. The Hippocratic treatise De humoribus (On the Humors) has provided scholars from antiquity to the modern era with major interpretive problems. In particular, its general appearance as a series of medical terms and phrases has raised questions about its authorship and purpose. More detailed study has now shown it to be the work of a doctor from circa 400 BC, who created it from different sources and individual notes, which were preliminary work toward a larger treatise. This book presents the first critical edition of De humoribus based upon all known textual witnesses in both Greek and Arabic. It provides a German translation of the Greek Text with detailed notes to facilitate the interpretation of this often difficult text. The Introduction surveys information about the textual tradition and interpretive history of this work and discusses its structure, purpose, author, and date.


Book
Innovation in Byzantine medicine : the writings of John Zacharias Aktouarios (c.1275-c.1330)
Author:
ISBN: 9780198850687 0198850689 9780191885631 9780192591081 0191885630 019259107X 0192591088 Year: 2020 Publisher: Oxford : Oxford University Press,

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Byzantine medicine remains a little known and misrepresented field not only in the context of debates on medieval medicine, but also among Byzantinists themselves. It is often viewed as 'stagnant' and mainly preserving ancient ideas, and our knowledge of it continues to be based to a great extent on the comments of earlier authorities, which are often repeated uncritically. 0This volume presents the first comprehensive examination of the medical corpus of, arguably, the most important Late Byzantine physician: John Zacharias Aktouarios (c.1275-c.1330). Its main thesis is that John's medical works show an astonishing degree of openness to knowledge from outside Byzantium combined with a significant degree of originality, in particular, in the fields of uroscopy and human physiology. The analysis of John's edited (On Urines and On Psychic Pneuma) and unedited (Medical Epitome) treatises is supported for the first time by the consultation of a large number of manuscripts, and is also informed by evidence from a wide range of medical sources, including those previously unpublished, and texts from other genres, such as epistolography and merchants' accounts. The contextualization of John's corpus sheds new light on the development of Byzantine medical thought and practice, and enhances our understanding of the Late Byzantine social and intellectual landscape. Through examination of his medical observations in the light of examples from the medieval Latin and Islamic worlds, his theories are also placed within the wider Mediterranean milieu, highlighting the cultural exchange between Byzantium and its neighbours.

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