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Present in soil and water, humic substances are the most widespread organic compounds, naturally occurring from a physical, chemical, and microbiological transformation of biomolecules. They represent about 25% of the total organic carbon on the Earth and comprise up to 75% of the dissolved organic carbon in water, making them important for multiple environmental processes in both soil and aquatic systems. Despite many decades of extensive study, the formation mechanisms of humic substances are still a subject of discussion and controversy. This book examines the dynamics of humic substances, their physicochemical and biological properties, and methods for their extraction and characterization. The book also sheds light on recent advances and applications of humic substances in agriculture, environment, industry, and medicine.
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Present in soil and water, humic substances are the most widespread organic compounds, naturally occurring from a physical, chemical, and microbiological transformation of biomolecules. They represent about 25% of the total organic carbon on the Earth and comprise up to 75% of the dissolved organic carbon in water, making them important for multiple environmental processes in both soil and aquatic systems. Despite many decades of extensive study, the formation mechanisms of humic substances are still a subject of discussion and controversy. This book examines the dynamics of humic substances, their physicochemical and biological properties, and methods for their extraction and characterization. The book also sheds light on recent advances and applications of humic substances in agriculture, environment, industry, and medicine.
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Present in soil and water, humic substances are the most widespread organic compounds, naturally occurring from a physical, chemical, and microbiological transformation of biomolecules. They represent about 25% of the total organic carbon on the Earth and comprise up to 75% of the dissolved organic carbon in water, making them important for multiple environmental processes in both soil and aquatic systems. Despite many decades of extensive study, the formation mechanisms of humic substances are still a subject of discussion and controversy. This book examines the dynamics of humic substances, their physicochemical and biological properties, and methods for their extraction and characterization. The book also sheds light on recent advances and applications of humic substances in agriculture, environment, industry, and medicine.
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Besides live biomass and decaying dead biological matter, humus constitutes an important component of organic matter in the soil. Humic substances are heterogeneous polymers formed during the process of decay and degradation of plant, animal, and microbial biomass. The humic fraction of organic matter is a stable nutrient base that serves as a slow-release source of carbon and energy for indigenous, slow-growing microorganisms in the soil. This book discusses recent advances and applications of humus and humic substances in agriculture, industry, and the environment. Chapters address such topics as the chlorination and phenanthrene sorption for humic and fulvic acids extracted from different soils, humic substances as growth promoters for farm animals, dynamics and function of humus from tropical forests, and much more.
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The properties of humic substances (HSs) in plants, soils and sediments regulate the environment and affect all aspects of like, yet they are only very imprecisely understood. This volume presents work on HSs including instruments and techniques being developed to throw more light on their structure and relationship to macro- and micro-scopic properties.
Humus --- Humic acid
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Humus --- Humic acid
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Besides live biomass and decaying dead biological matter, humus constitutes an important component of organic matter in the soil. Humic substances are heterogeneous polymers formed during the process of decay and degradation of plant, animal, and microbial biomass. The humic fraction of organic matter is a stable nutrient base that serves as a slow-release source of carbon and energy for indigenous, slow-growing microorganisms in the soil. This book discusses recent advances and applications of humus and humic substances in agriculture, industry, and the environment. Chapters address such topics as the chlorination and phenanthrene sorption for humic and fulvic acids extracted from different soils, humic substances as growth promoters for farm animals, dynamics and function of humus from tropical forests, and much more.
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"Coal is the most abundant type of fossil fuel, accounting for 64% of globally recoverable resources in the world, compared to oil (19%) and natural gas (17%). Coal is traditionally used in the energy sector, generating about 40% of the world's electricity. The demand for coal is expected to increase by over 60% from 2006 to 2030, of which developing countries will account for over 90%. Coal-fired electricity generation is still a major energy source in North America and Australia. In addition, coal is also used in the metallurgical sector where 70% of the world's steel industry depends on it. The challenge here has been in how to maximize productivity, reduce energy consumption, and drastically reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (Osborne and Gupta 2013). Efforts have been made to offer a more efficient and cleaner use of coal, including its use in the production of electricity, steel and its associated products, and energy related chemicals, as well as increasing the use of coal byproducts (Osborne et al. 2013). While significant progresses have been achieved, it is still worth seeking new environmentally friendly and efficient usages of coal beyond these well-known applications. Such usages are not set to immediately replace the existing applications of coal, however, but instead provide alternatives so that whenever the opportunity arises, new market sectors can be generated and expanded as quickly and efficiently as possible"--
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