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A free ebook version of this title is available through Luminos, University of California Press’s Open Access publishing program. Visit www.luminosoa.org to learn more. Many of the hundreds of thousands of Syrians who immigrated to the US beginning in the 1870s worked as peddlers. Men were able to transgress Syrian norms related to marriage practices while they were traveling, while Syrian women accessed more economic autonomy though their participation in peddling networks. In Possible Histories, Charlotte Karem Albrecht explores this peddling economy of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as a site for revealing how dominant ideas about sexuality are imbricated in Arab American racial histories. Karem Albrecht marshals a queer affective approach to community and family history to show how Syrian immigrant peddlers and their interdependent networks of labor and care appeared in interconnected discourses of modernity, sexuality, gender, class, and race. Possible Histories conceptualizes this profession, and its place in narratives of Arab American history, as a ";queer ecology"; of laboring practices, intimacies, and knowledge production. This book ultimately proposes a new understanding of the long arm of Arab American history that puts sexuality and gender at the heart of ways of navigating US racial systems.

Peddlers --- Sexual orientation --- Syrian Americans --- HISTORY / LGBTQ+. --- Social networks --- Economic conditions. --- Social conditions. --- Ethnology --- Syrians --- Orientation, Sexual --- Sexual preference --- Sex (Psychology) --- Sexual reorientation programs --- Hawkers --- Hucksters --- Peddlers and peddling --- Sales personnel --- Street vendors --- Conversion therapy

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Entrepreneurship --- Informal sector (Economics) --- Peddlers --- Street vendors --- Xenophobia --- Immigrants --- Entrepreneur --- Intrapreneur --- Capitalism --- Business incubators --- Hidden economy --- Parallel economy --- Second economy --- Shadow economy --- Subterranean economy --- Underground economy --- Artisans --- Economics --- Small business --- Hawkers --- Hucksters --- Peddlers and peddling --- Sales personnel --- Street people (Street vendors) --- Vendors, Street --- Merchants --- Vending stands --- Zenophobia --- Phobias --- Emigrants --- Foreign-born population --- Foreign population --- Foreigners --- Migrants --- Persons --- Aliens --- Economic conditions.

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This report provides a rich view of the activities of migrant entrepreneurs in the informal economy of Johannesburg. It is hoped that the information will facilitate understanding of the informal sector and its potential, and not just in the context of migrant entrepreneurs. The informal economy plays a significant role in the entrepreneurial landscape of the City of Johannesburg and is patronized by most of the city's residents. The research presented here challenges commonly held opinions about migrant entrepreneurs in the City of Johannesburg and shows that they do not dominate the informal economy, which remains largely in the hands of South Africans. In late 2013, the City, through Operation Clean Sweep, removed up to 8,000 traders from the city's streets. As this and recent xenophobic attacks demonstrate, Johannesburg can be a hostile place in which to operate a business as an informal economy migrant entrepreneur. Instead of trying to sweep the streets clean of these small businesses, government at national, provincial and city levels should develop policies to grow the SMME economy, develop township economies, and manage the informal economy and street trading. They need to incorporate the businesses owned by migrant entrepreneurs, rather than exclude and demonize them. These businesses make an invaluable contribution to Johannesburg's economy despite operating in a non-enabling political and policy environment.

Entrepreneurship --- Informal sector (Economics) --- Peddlers --- Street vendors --- Immigrants --- Immigrant business enterprises --- Immigrant-owned business enterprises --- Business enterprises --- Emigrants --- Foreign-born population --- Foreign population --- Foreigners --- Migrants --- Persons --- Aliens --- Street people (Street vendors) --- Vendors, Street --- Merchants --- Vending stands --- Hawkers --- Hucksters --- Peddlers and peddling --- Sales personnel --- Hidden economy --- Parallel economy --- Second economy --- Shadow economy --- Subterranean economy --- Underground economy --- Artisans --- Economics --- Small business --- Entrepreneur --- Intrapreneur --- Capitalism --- Business incubators --- Economic conditions. --- Johannesburg (South Africa) --- Johannesburg --- Yohanesburg (South Africa) --- Jo'burg (South Africa) --- Emigration and immigration. --- E-books --- Refugees --- Social conditions. --- Displaced persons --- Deportees --- Exiles