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Various cosmological observations support not only cosmological inflation in the early universe, which is also known as exponential cosmic expansion, but also that the expansion of the late-time universe is accelerating. To explain this phenomenon, the existence of dark energy is proposed. In addition, according to the rotation curve of galaxies, the existence of dark matter, which does not shine, is also suggested. If primordial gravitational waves are detected in the future, the mechanism for realizing inflation can be revealed. Moreover, there exist two main candidates for dark matter. The first is a new particle, the existence of which is predicted in particle physics. The second is an astrophysical object which is not found by electromagnetic waves. Furthermore, there are two representative approaches to account for the accelerated expansion of the current universe. One is to assume the unknown dark energy in general relativity. The other is to extend the gravity theory to large scales. Investigation of the origins of inflation, dark matter, and dark energy is one of the most fundamental problems in modern physics and cosmology. The purpose of this book is to explore the physics and cosmology of inflation, dark matter, and dark energy.
de Sitter vacuum --- n/a --- Einstein-Aether theory of gravity --- Supernovae --- apparatus --- normal galaxies --- higher dimension gauged super-gravity black hole --- dark energy model --- cosmo–particle physics --- instruments --- Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature --- Dark Energy --- hyper-color --- quantum tunneling phenomenon --- spacetime symmetry --- parametrizations --- quantum gravity --- dynamical Chern–Simons modified gravity --- comparative planetology --- properties of specific particles --- particle physics --- dark matter --- Hawking radiation --- memory --- junction conditions --- cosmology --- composite dark matter --- dosmological parameters --- field theory --- Dark Matter --- cosmological model --- extragalactic objects and systems --- scalar–tensor gravity --- fundamental astronomy --- cosmoligical parameters --- cosmological parameters --- Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) --- dark atoms --- quantum optical systems --- brans-dicke theory --- dark energy models --- loop quantum cosmology --- dark energy --- galactic rotation curve --- astronomical and space-research instrumentation --- null hypersurfaces --- QCD --- quantum optics --- Hubble constant --- and components common to several branches of physics and astronomy --- statistical analysis --- cosmo-particle physics --- dynamical Chern-Simons modified gravity --- scalar-tensor gravity
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This reprint, which was edited by Prof. Dr. Nazar R. Ikhsanov, Prof. Dr. Galina L. Klimchitskaya, and Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Mostepanenko, contains research and review articles published in a Special Issue of the journal Universe in memory of outstanding astrophysicist Prof. Dr. Yuri N. Gnedin, who organized and led the Department of Astrophysics at the famous Pulkovo Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences for several decades. In these articles, the reader will find new and intriguing ideas in several topical problems of astrophysics as well as comprehensive and readily accessible sketches of a few recently performed investigations.
Research & information: general --- Physics --- accretion disks --- magnetic fields --- polarization --- active galactic nuclei --- supermassive black holes --- dark matter axions --- non-Newtonian gravity --- measurements of the Casimir force --- hypothetical particles --- neutron stars --- radiation transfer --- dark energy --- dark matter --- Hubble constant --- numerical simulation --- magnetic hydrodynamics (MHD) --- hot Jupiters --- magnetic field --- chemically peculiar stars --- observation --- Herbig Ae/Be stars --- disk accretion --- magnetosphere --- individual: HD 10141 --- HD 259431 --- HD 104237 --- HD 37806 --- close binaries --- black holes --- evolution of binary stars --- fast blue optical transients --- non-thermal particle acceleration --- particle-in-cell plasma modeling --- high energy cosmic rays --- brown dwarf --- X-ray emission --- microwave radiation --- magnetic loops --- particle acceleration --- magnetars stars --- X-rays and stars --- star atmospheres --- plasmas --- scattering --- radiative transfer --- protoplanetary disk --- scattered radiation --- linear polarization --- UX Ori stars --- RW Aur --- n/a
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This reprint, which was edited by Prof. Dr. Nazar R. Ikhsanov, Prof. Dr. Galina L. Klimchitskaya, and Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Mostepanenko, contains research and review articles published in a Special Issue of the journal Universe in memory of outstanding astrophysicist Prof. Dr. Yuri N. Gnedin, who organized and led the Department of Astrophysics at the famous Pulkovo Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences for several decades. In these articles, the reader will find new and intriguing ideas in several topical problems of astrophysics as well as comprehensive and readily accessible sketches of a few recently performed investigations.
accretion disks --- magnetic fields --- polarization --- active galactic nuclei --- supermassive black holes --- dark matter axions --- non-Newtonian gravity --- measurements of the Casimir force --- hypothetical particles --- neutron stars --- radiation transfer --- dark energy --- dark matter --- Hubble constant --- numerical simulation --- magnetic hydrodynamics (MHD) --- hot Jupiters --- magnetic field --- chemically peculiar stars --- observation --- Herbig Ae/Be stars --- disk accretion --- magnetosphere --- individual: HD 10141 --- HD 259431 --- HD 104237 --- HD 37806 --- close binaries --- black holes --- evolution of binary stars --- fast blue optical transients --- non-thermal particle acceleration --- particle-in-cell plasma modeling --- high energy cosmic rays --- brown dwarf --- X-ray emission --- microwave radiation --- magnetic loops --- particle acceleration --- magnetars stars --- X-rays and stars --- star atmospheres --- plasmas --- scattering --- radiative transfer --- protoplanetary disk --- scattered radiation --- linear polarization --- UX Ori stars --- RW Aur --- n/a
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Although less well known outside the field than Edwin Hubble, Walter Baade was arguably the most influential observational astronomer of the twentieth century. Written by a fellow astronomer deeply familiar with Baade and his work, this is the first biography of this major figure in American astronomy. In it, Donald Osterbrock suggests that Baade's greatest contribution to astrophysics was not, as is often contended, his revision of Hubble's distance and age scales for the universe. Rather, it was his discovery of two distinct stellar populations: old and young stars. This discovery opened wide the previously marginal fields of stellar and galactic evolution--research areas that would be among the most fertile and exciting in all of astrophysics for decades to come. Baade was born, educated, and gained his early research experience in Germany. He came to the United States in 1931 as a staff member of Mount Wilson Observatory, which housed the world's largest telescope. There, he pioneered research on supernovae. With the 100-inch telescope, he studied globular clusters and the structure of the Milky Way, every step leading him closer to the population concept he discovered during the wartime years, when the skies of southern California were briefly darkened. Most Mount Wilson astronomers were working on weapons-development crash programs devoted to bringing Baade's native country to its knees, while he, formally an enemy alien in their midst, was confined to Los Angeles County but had almost unlimited use of the most powerful telescope in the world. After his great discovery, Baade continued his research with the new 200-inch telescope at Palomar. Always respected and well liked, he became even more famous among astronomers as they shifted their research to the fields he had opened. Publicity-shy and seemingly unconcerned with publication, however, Baade's celebrity remained largely within the field. This accomplished biography at last introduces Baade--and his important work--to a wider public, including the newest generation of skywatchers.
Astrophysicists --- Baade, Walter, --- Adams, Walter S. --- Agfa photographic company. --- Allegheny Observatory. --- Astronomical Journal. --- Baade Telescope. --- Baade, Katherine (sister). --- Bergedorf. --- Biermann, Ludwig. --- Boyden Station. --- Case Institute of Technology. --- Comet Baade. --- Einstein, Albert. --- Fermi, Enrico. --- Fornax system. --- Fricke, Walter. --- Ganymede. --- Gaustad, John. --- Göttingen Observatory. --- Hale telescope. --- Hamburg Observatory. --- Harvard College Observatory. --- Hitler, Adolf. --- Hoyle, Fred. --- Hubble constant. --- Hund, Friedrich. --- Icarus. --- Institute for Advanced Study. --- Institute for Experimental Aerodynamics. --- Jansky, Karl. --- Jena University. --- Johnson, Harold L. --- Johnson, Josef. --- Kienle, Hans. --- Klein, Felix. --- Kuiper, Gerard P. --- Laporte, Otto. --- Leiden Observatory. --- Lick Observatory. --- Lund University. --- Mason, Max. --- Minkowski, Hermann. --- Nazi party. --- Orion nebula. --- Pulkovo Observatory. --- Ross lens. --- Schorr, Richard. --- Scientific American. --- cosmology. --- eclipsing binaries. --- globular clusters. --- interstellar extinction. --- radio sources.
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