Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Experiences during early life program the central nervous- and endocrine-systems with consequences for susceptibility to physical and mental disorders. These programming effects depend on genetic and epigenetic factors, and their outcome leads to an adaptive or maladaptive phenotype to a given later environmental context. This Research Topic focused on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis and stress-related phenotypes, and on how HPA-axis programming by the environment precisely occurs. We included original research, mini-review and review papers on a broad range of topics related to HPA-axis programming.

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. --- HPA axis --- Vulnerability --- resilience --- early life stress --- materna

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Structural and social aspects of an environmental system can influence the physiology and behavior of animals occupying that system. This study examined the physiological effects of environmental enrichment (EE) with Kong(R) Toys(R) and Nestlets(R) on stress-responsive hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis under basal and mild stress conditions in singly housed, jugular vein-cannulated, male and female rats.Animals of both sexes housed with EE had significantly lower baseline adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) concentrations compared to those housed without EE. ACTH responses to the mild stress of saline injection were significantly lower in female rats housed with EE.Interaction with the Kong Toys and Nestlets appears to have provided the rats with a diversion from monotonous cage life, resulting in lower HPA axis activity before and after mild stress. These results are important because low, stable baselines are essential for accurately discerning pharmacological and other influences on the HPA axis. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Acth,cort,environmental enrichment,hpa axis,stress. --- Acth. --- Activity. --- Adrenal axis responses. --- Animal. --- Animals. --- Behavior. --- Cage. --- Cholinergic stimulation. --- Corticosterone. --- Enrichment. --- Environmental enrichment. --- Female rats. --- Female. --- Hormone. --- Hormones. --- Hpa axis. --- Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal. --- Life. --- Male. --- Mice. --- Objects. --- Physiological. --- Physiology. --- Rat. --- Rats. --- Response. --- Responses. --- Sex. --- Sexes. --- Sexual diergism. --- Social. --- Stress. --- System. --- Toy.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Exposure to a deadly threat, an adult male rat, induced the release of corticosterone in 14-day-old rat pups. The endocrine stress response was decreased when the pups were reunited with their mother immediately after exposure. These findings demonstrate that social variables can reduce the consequences of an aversive experience

Adult. --- Anxiety disorders. --- Aversive stimulation. --- Consequences. --- Corticosterone. --- Endocrine. --- Experience. --- Exposure. --- Glucocorticoid. --- Hpa axis. --- Level. --- Male rat. --- Male. --- Mother. --- Ontogeny. --- Pups. --- Rat. --- Rats. --- Release. --- Response. --- Responses. --- Social buffering. --- Social. --- Stress response. --- Stress-response. --- Stress.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Growing evidence shows that a dietary pattern inspired by Mediterranean dietprinciples is associated with numerous health benefits. A Mediterranean-typediet has been demonstrated to exert a preventive effect toward cardiovasculardiseases, in both Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean populations. Part ofthese properties may depend on a positive action toward healthier metabolism,decreasing the risk of diabetes and metabolic-syndrome-related conditions.Some studies also suggested a potential role in preventing certain cancers. Finally,newer research has showed that a higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet isassociated with a lower risk of cognitive decline, depression, and other mentaldisorders. Overall, a better understanding of the key elements of this dietarypattern, the underlying mechanisms, and targets, are needed to corroboratecurrent evidence and provide insights on new and potential outcomes.ThisSpecial Issue welcomes original research and reviews of literature concerningthe Mediterranean diet and various health outcomes:Observational studies onestablished nutritional cohorts (preferred), case-control studies, or populationsample on the association with non-communicable diseases;Level of evidenceon the association with human health, including systematic reviews and metaanalyses;Evaluation of application of Mediterranean diet principles in non-Mediterranean countries;Description of mechanisms of action, pathways, andtargets at the molecular level, including interaction with gut microbiota.

offspring --- dietary intervention study --- n/a --- mental health --- noncommunicable diseases --- plasma lipids --- depressive symptoms --- children --- metabolomics --- Mediterranean Diet --- immune system --- olive oil --- healthy lifestyle --- obesity --- prevention --- telomere length --- risk factors --- Mediterranean diet --- adolescents --- pregnancy --- athletes --- dietary change --- microbiome --- nutrition --- nuts --- whole-grain --- health communication --- childbearing age --- dementia --- Italy --- quality of life --- wine --- dietary intervention --- questionnaire --- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease --- public health policy --- relative Mediterranean diet score --- DNA damage --- fruit --- food groups --- cohort --- cognitive decline --- vegetable --- DNA repair --- university students --- epidemiology --- Mediterranean diet pyramid --- dietary intake --- motivational climate --- weight status --- glucose control --- diet --- cardiovascular risk --- resveratrol --- sleep quality --- BMI --- cardiovascular disease --- catechins --- sports --- socioeconomic factors --- self-concept --- child health --- hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal-HPA axis --- physical activity --- Spain --- barriers --- diet quality --- fish --- childhood obesity --- translation --- diabetes --- dairy --- hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-HPA axis

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Abstract Prenatal stress (PS) can produce profound and long-lasting perturbations of individual adaptive capacities, which in turn can result in an increased proneness to behavioural disorders. Indeed, in PS rats there is evidence of impaired social play behaviour, disturbances in a variety of circadian rhythms, enhanced anxiety and increased hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity. This study was designed to experimentally investigate the degree of reversibility of PS-induced disturbances of social play and HPA reactivity by assessing the effect of the enrichment of the physical environment on PS rats during periadolescence. PS subjects showed a reduced expression of social play behaviour and a prolonged corticosterone secretion in response to restraint stress, but both these effects were markedly reversed following environmental enrichment. Interestingly, the enrichment procedure increased social behaviour but had no effect on corticosterone secretion in nonstressed animals, indicating a differential impact of the postnatal environment as a function of prenatal background. As a whole, results clearly indicate that rats prenatally exposed to stress can benefit during periadolescence from the modulatory effects of an enriched environment. Moreover, they confirm that PS may well represent a suitable animal model for the design and testing of new therapeutic strategies for behavioural disorders produced by early insults

Adolescence. --- Animal model. --- Animal-model. --- Animal. --- Animals. --- Anxiety. --- Behaviour. --- Behavioural disorder. --- Circadian rhythm. --- Circadian rhythms. --- Circadian-rhythm. --- Circadian-rhythms. --- Circadian. --- Corticosterone secretion. --- Corticosterone. --- Design. --- Disorder. --- Enriched environment. --- Enriched. --- Enrichment. --- Environment. --- Environmental enrichment. --- Expression. --- Function. --- Hpa axis. --- Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal. --- Model. --- Physical. --- Play behaviour. --- Play. --- Prenatal stress. --- Prenatal. --- Rat. --- Rats. --- Reactivity. --- Response. --- Restraint stress. --- Restraint. --- Rhythm. --- Rhythms. --- Secretion. --- Social behaviour. --- Social play. --- Social. --- Strategies. --- Strategy. --- Stress.