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A collection of essays on new music, composers, and issues in American music criticism and aestheticson by composer and music theorist Robert Morris. The Whistling Blackbird: Essays and Talks on New Music is the long-awaited book of essays from Robert Morris, the greatly admired composer and music theorist. In these essays, Morris presents a new and multifaceted view ofrecent developments in American music. His views on music, as well as his many compositions, defy easy classification, favoring instead a holistic, creative, and critical approach. The Whistling Blackbird contains fourteen essays and talks, divided into three parts, preceded by an "Overture" that portrays what it means to compose music in the United States today. Part 1 presents essays on American composers John Cage, Milton Babbitt, Richard Swift, and Stefan Wolpe. Part 2 comprises talks on Morris's music that illustrate his ideas and creative approaches over forty years of music composition, including his outdoor compositions, an ongoing project that began in 1999. Part 3 includes four essays in music criticism: on the relation of composition to ethnomusicology; on phenomenology and attention; on music theory at the millennium; and on issues in musical time. Threaded throughout this collection of essays are Morris's diverse and seemingly disparate interests and influences. English romantic poetry, mathematical combinatorics, group and set theory, hiking, Buddhist philosophy, Chinese and Japanese poetry and painting, jazz and nonwestern music, chaos theory, linguistics, and the American transcendental movement exist side by side in a fascinating and eclectic portrait of American musical composition at the dawn of the new millennium. Robert Morris is Professor of Music Composition at the Eastman School of Music, University of Rochester.

Music -- 20th century -- Philosophy and aesthetics. --- Music -- United States -- 20th century -- History and criticism. --- Music. --- Music --- Music, Dance, Drama & Film --- Music Instruction & Study --- Music History & Criticism, General --- History and criticism --- Philosophy and aesthetics --- United States. --- Aesthetics. --- American music criticism. --- American transcendental movement. --- Composers. --- Holistic approach. --- Music composition. --- Musical examples. --- New music. --- Robert Morris. --- History and criticism. --- Philosophy and aesthetics.

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Studies of risk and its consequences tend to focus on one risk factor, such as a drought or an economic crisis. Yet 2003 household surveys in rural Kilimanjaro and Ruvuma, two cash-crop-growing regions in Tanzania that experienced a precipitous coffee price decline around the turn of the millennium, identified health and drought shocks as well as commodity price declines as major risk factors, suggesting the need for a comprehensive approach to analyzing household vulnerability. In fact, most coffee growers, except the smaller ones in Kilimanjaro, weathered the coffee price declines rather well, at least to the point of not being worse off than non-coffee growers. Conversely, improving health conditions and reducing the effect of droughts emerge as critical to reduce vulnerability. One-third of the rural households in Kilimanjaro experienced a drought or health shocks, resulting in an estimated 8 percent welfare loss on average, after using savings and aid. Rainfall is more reliable in Ruvuma, and drought there did not affect welfare. Surprisingly, neither did health shocks, plausibly because of lower medical expenditures given limited health care provisions.

Agriculture --- Crime --- Crops and Crop Management Systems --- Economic Theory and Research --- Families --- Health Care --- Health Monitoring and Evaluation --- Health Services --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Holistic Approach --- Hospitalization --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Mortality --- Poverty Reduction --- Quality of Life --- Risk Factors --- Rural Development --- Rural Poverty Reduction --- Unemployment

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The EURACT Performance Agenda (EUPA) of the European Academy of Teachers in General Practice/Family Medicine (EURACT) is the third paper in a row following the European Definition of General Practice/Family Medicine (WONCA Europe) in 2002 which identified 6 core competencies and 11 abilities every general practitioner (GP) should master, and the EURACT Educational Agenda in 2005 which provided a framework to teach the core competencies by setting learning aims and monitoring their achievement. Performance (in contrast to competence) is understood as the level of actual performance in clinical care and communication with patients in daily practice. Small groups of EURACT Council members from 40 European countries have discussed and developed EUPA since 2007. EUPA is a general, uniform and basic agenda of performance elements every GP masters in daily practice, applicable and adaptable to different countries with different systems. It deals with the process and result of actual work in daily practice, not with a teaching/learning situation. EUPA discusses in depth the psychometrics and edumetrics of performance assessment. Case vignettes of abilities in GPs' daily practice illustrate performance and its assessment in every chapter. Examples of common assessment tools are workplace-based assessment by a peer, feedback from patients or staff and audit of medical records. EUPA can help to shape various performance assessment activities held locally in general practice/family medicine, e. g. in continuing professional development cycles, re-certification/re-accreditation/licensing procedures, peer hospitation programmes and practice audit programmes in quality management. It can give orientation for self-assessment for reflective practitioners in their continuing professional development. The EURACT Performance Agenda (EUPA) encourages general practitioners to initialize performance agendas adapted to their national health system to further strengthen the role of general practice/family medicine in their country.

MEDICAL / General. --- Adam Windak. --- Alma Eir Svavarsdottir. --- Bernard Gay. --- Bernhard Rindlisbacher. --- CBD. --- COT. --- Cees P. M. Van der Vleuten. --- Dolores Forés. --- EURACT. --- Egle Zebiene. --- Elena Frolova. --- Eva Jurgova. --- Filipe Gomes. --- Francesco Carelli. --- George Spatharakis. --- Georgi Ivanov. --- Givi Javashvili. --- Howard Tandeter. --- Janko Kersnik. --- Jean-Marie Degryse. --- Llukan Rrumbullaku. --- Mario R. Sammut. --- Markku Timonen. --- Maryna Oliynik. --- Mette Brekke. --- Mladenka Vrcic-Keglevic. --- Monica Lindh. --- Natalia Zarbailov. --- Natasa Pilipovic Broceta. --- Okay Basak. --- Owen Clarke. --- Paula Vainiomäki. --- Peter Vajer. --- Phil Phylaktou. --- Razvan Miftode. --- Roar Maagaard. --- Roger Price. --- Ruth Kalda. --- Sandra Gintere. --- Smiljka Radic. --- Valéry Dory. --- WPBA. --- Wolfgang Spiegel. --- Yvonne van Leeuwen. --- Zalika Klemenc-Ketis. --- appraisal. --- blueprint. --- edumetrics. --- holistic approach. --- psychometrics. --- simulated patient.

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The modern understanding of metal plasticity and fracturing began about 100 years ago, with pioneering work; first, on crack-induced fracturing by Griffith and, second, with the invention of dislocation-enhanced crystal plasticity by Taylor, Orowan and Polanyi. The modern counterparts are fracture mechanics, as invented by Irwin, and dislocation mechanics, as initiated in pioneering work by Cottrell. No less important was the breakthrough development of optical characterization of sectioned polycrystalline metal microstructures started by Sorby in the late 19th century and leading eventually to modern optical, x-ray and electron microscopy methods for assessments of crystal fracture surfaces, via fractography, and particularly of x-ray and electron microscopy techniques applied to quantitative characterizations of internal dislocation behaviors. A major current effort is to match computational simulations of metal deformation/fracturing behaviors with experimental measurements made over extended ranges of microstructures and over varying external conditions of stress-state, temperature and loading rate. The relation of such simulations to the development of constitutive equations for a hoped-for predictive description of material deformation/fracturing behaviors is an active topic of research. The present collection of articles provides a broad sampling of research accomplishments on the two subjects.

Research & information: general --- dislocation mechanics --- yield strength --- grain size --- thermal activation --- strain rate --- impact tests --- brittleness transition --- fracturing --- crack size --- fracture mechanics --- Hall-Petch equation --- Griffith equation --- size effect --- mechanical strength --- pearlitic steels --- suspension bridge cables --- dislocation microstructure --- fractal analysis --- plasticity --- representative volume element --- dislocation structure --- dislocation correlations --- dislocation avalanches --- nanotwin --- nanograin --- Au–Cu alloy --- micro-compression --- Cu-Zr --- ECAP --- deformation --- quasi-stationary --- subgrains --- grains --- coarsening --- Cu–Zr --- ultrafine-grained material --- dynamic recovery --- transient --- load change tests --- Charpy impact test --- GMAW --- additive manufacturing --- secondary cracks --- anisotropy --- linear flow splitting --- crystal plasticity --- DAMASK --- texture --- EBSD --- crack tip dislocations --- TEM --- grain rotation --- fatigue --- dislocation configurations --- residual stress --- indentation --- serration --- temperature --- dislocation --- artificial aging --- solid solution --- loading curvature --- aluminum alloy --- holistic approach --- dislocation group dynamics --- dynamic factor --- dislocation pile-up --- yield stress --- dislocation creep --- fatigue crack growth rate