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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Dendritic Cells --- Monocytes --- HIV Infection --- Myeloid DCs --- HIV latency

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Echocardiography --- Traitement palliatif. --- HIV, infection. --- Sida. --- Thérapeutique. --- Thérapeutique. --- Pain --- Palliative Care --- HIV Infections --- Douleur

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This paper analyzes the socioeconomic determinants of HIV infection and related sexual behaviors using the 2004 Lesotho Demographic and Health Survey. The authors find that in Lesotho education appears to have a protective effect: it is negatively associated with HIV infection (although not always significantly) and it strongly predicts preventive behaviors. The findings also show that married women who have extra-marital relationships are less likely to use a condom than non-married women. This is an important source of vulnerability that should be addressed in prevention efforts. The paper also analyzes HIV infection at the level of the couple. It shows that in 41 percent of the infected couples, only one of the two partners is HIV infected. Therefore, there are still opportunities for prevention inside the couple.

AIDS HIV --- Condom --- Disease Control and Prevention --- Gender --- Gender and Health --- Health Monitoring and Evaluation --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- HIV --- HIV Infection --- Human Development --- Married Women --- Policy Research --- Policy Research Working Paper --- Population Policies --- Public Services --- Sexual Behaviors --- Vulnerability

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HIV infection --- Mycobacterium --- tuberculosis --- extrapulmonary tuberculosis --- sarcoidosis --- drug resistance --- Tuberculosis --- Lungs --- Lung Diseases. --- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary. --- Tuberculosis. --- Diseases --- Diseases. --- Consumption (Disease) --- Phthisis --- Pulmonary tuberculosis --- TB (Disease) --- Chest --- Mycobacterial diseases --- Mycobacterium tuberculosis --- Pulmonary diseases --- Pulmonary Tuberculoses --- Pulmonary Tuberculosis --- Tuberculoses, Pulmonary --- Pulmonary Consumption --- Pulmonary Phthisis --- Consumption, Pulmonary --- Consumptions, Pulmonary --- Phthises, Pulmonary --- Phthisis, Pulmonary --- Pulmonary Consumptions --- Pulmonary Phthises --- Disease, Pulmonary --- Diseases, Pulmonary --- Pulmonary Disease --- Pulmonary Diseases --- Disease, Lung --- Diseases, Lung --- Lung Disease --- Lung --- Cardiopulmonary system --- Respiratory organs --- hiv infection --- mycobacterium

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Recent evidence suggests that conditional cash transfer programs for schooling are effective in raising school enrollment and attendance. However, there is also reason to believe that such programs can affect other outcomes, such as the sexual behavior of their young beneficiaries. Zomba Cash Transfer Program is a randomized, ongoing conditional cash transfer intervention targeting young women in Malawi that provides incentives (in the form of school fees and cash transfers) to current schoolgirls and recent dropouts to stay in or return to school. An average offer of USD 10/month conditional on satisfactory school attendance - plus direct payment of secondary school fees - led to significant declines in early marriage, teenage pregnancy, and self-reported sexual activity among program beneficiaries after just one year of program implementation. For program beneficiaries who were out of school at baseline, the probability of getting married and becoming pregnant declined by more than 40 percent and 30 percent, respectively. In addition, the incidence of the onset of sexual activity was 38 percent lower among all program beneficiaries than the control group. Overall, these results suggest that conditional cash transfer programs not only serve as useful tools for improving school attendance, but may also reduce sexual activity, teen pregnancy, and early marriage.

Adolescent Health --- Developing countries --- Dissemination --- Early marriage --- Education --- Education for All --- Fertility --- Global Development --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- HIV --- HIV infection --- Labor market --- Policy Research --- Population Policies --- School attendance --- Secondary school --- Sexual activity --- Sexual Behavior --- Teen --- Teen pregnancy --- Teenage pregnancy --- Young people --- Young Women