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A dynamometric cell adapted to three-point hitches of tractors of categories II and III was developed. It comprises three dynamometers especially designed and interposed between two frames of triangular form. Each one of them is equipped with two bridges with strain gauges ensuring simultaneous measurement of two perpendicular forces. Modeling by finite element (FEM) of the dynamometers allows to optimize the site of the strain gauges and to release the theoretical calibration curves. Modeling by FEM of the whole cell shows that the constraints on the frames are very low. The tractive effort not to be exceeded results from a criterion of deformation and is equivalent to 60 kN. The calibration of the dynamometers shows that the three sensors present each one a great linearity and that the interference is null between the bridges of measurement. The matrix of calibration of the dynamometric cell is established starting from tensile tests carried out in laboratory. Tests are carried out on a silt soil with a three furrow plough whose mouldboard is characterized by computer-aided design. They provide the forces longitudinal (draft), transversal and vertical as well as the couples to which the plough is subjected. These requests increase proportionally with the depth of ploughing and according to a polynomial law of component 2 with the speed. The draft FX is the highest, followed by transverse force FY, in last position comes vertical force FZ. The couple of transverse axis CY is the highest, successively followed by couples of vertical axis CZ and longitudinal axis CX.

Tractors --- Hitches --- Power takeoffs --- Dynamometers

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Electronics --- Farm equipment --- Tractors --- Hitches --- Models --- Simulation --- vehicle systems --- Three-point hitch --- Systeme electrohydraulique --- Tracteur agricole --- Controle electronique

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horses --- Hitches --- working animals --- Swine --- Wethers --- Nannygoats --- poultry --- rabbits --- Apidae --- Cats --- dogs --- pigeons --- animal husbandry methods --- Traditional farming --- Meat production --- sociocultural environment --- socioeconomic environment --- History --- Linguistique --- Wallonie