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Forty years ago, Marcus Fleming and Robert Mundell developed independent models of macroeconomic policy in open economies. Why do we link the two, and why do we call the result the Mundell-Fleming, rather than Fleming-Mundell model?.

Foreign Exchange --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- History of Thought: Individuals --- General Aggregative Models: Keynes --- Keynesian --- Post-Keynesian --- Open Economy Macroeconomics --- Fiscal Policy --- Labor Economics: General --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Labour --- income economics --- Fiscal policy --- Conventional peg --- Labor --- Floating exchange rates --- Labor economics --- Italy

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Harry Dexter White, the principal architect of the international financial system established at the end of the Second World War, was arguably the most important U. S. government economist of the 20th century. His reputation, however, has suffered because of allegations that he spied for the Soviet Union. That charge has recently been revived by the declassification of documents showing that he met with Soviet agents in 1944 and 1945. Evaluation of that evidence in the context of White’s career and worldview casts doubt on the case against him and provides the basis for a more benign interpretation.

Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Public Finance --- Industries: Financial Services --- Exports and Imports --- Budgeting --- History of Thought: Individuals --- International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions --- Labor Economics: General --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- National Budget --- Budget Systems --- Labour --- income economics --- Monetary economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Finance --- International economics --- Budgeting & financial management --- Labor --- Currencies --- Money --- Administration in revenue administration --- Revenue administration --- Loans --- Financial institutions --- Bilateral trade agreements --- International trade --- Economic classification --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Labor economics --- Revenue --- Commercial treaties --- Budget --- Russian Federation