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Et si l’histoire, ou la vie, avait suivi un autre cours ? Ce que l’on appelle le raisonnement contrefactuel surgit spontanément dans les conversations pour nourrir des hypothèses sur les potentialités du passé et les futurs non advenus. Il traverse la littérature, les réflexions politiques et toutes sortes de divertissements. Que serait-il advenu si le nez de Cléopâtre avait été plus court ? Si Napoléon avait remporté la bataille de Waterloo ? Quentin Deluermoz et Pierre Singaravélou prennent la question à bras le corps. Ils mènent l’enquête au sein d’une vaste littérature pour saisir la diversité des usages de l’analyse contrefactuelle – des fictions uchroniques les plus loufoques aux hypothèses les plus sérieuses. Ils s’attachent à cerner précisément les conditions d’un usage légitime et pertinent pour les sciences sociales, repensant les enjeux de la causalité et de la vérité, des rapports entre histoire et fiction, entre déterminisme et contingence. L’enquête dévoile peu à peu la richesse d’un travail sur les possibles du passé, et ouvre sur des expérimentations dans le domaine de la recherche comme de l’enseignement. Une réflexion ambitieuse et novatrice sur l’écriture de l’histoire, sa définition et sa mise en partage.

Historiography --- Historiographie --- Imaginary histories --- History --- Philosophy --- Errors, inventions, etc. --- Contrefactuel (logique) --- Historiographie. --- History - Philosophy --- History - Errors, inventions, etc.

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Ages in Alignment

Egypt -- History -- Errors, inventions, etc. --- Egypt -- History -- To 332 B.C. --- Egypt -- Pyramid age. --- Regions & Countries - Africa --- History & Archaeology

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Gaul --- Gaule --- History --- Histoire --- Historians --- Attitudes --- Marseille (France) --- Errors, inventions, etc --- Foreign influences --- Attitudes. --- Rome --- Errors, inventions, etc. --- Historiography. --- Foreign influences. --- Historians - Rome - Attitudes --- Gaul - History - Errors, inventions, etc --- Marseille (France) - History - Foreign influences

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Emperors --- Allusions in literature. --- Biography --- History and criticism. --- Scriptores historiae Augustae. --- Rome --- History --- Errors, inventions, etc. --- Historiae Augustae scriptores --- Historia Augusta --- Storia augusta --- Istoria Augustă --- Augustan history --- Histoire Auguste --- Historiae Augustae --- HA --- Vlasteliny Rima --- Hisṭoryah Ogusṭah --- Rim --- Roman Empire --- Roman Republic (510-30 B.C.) --- Romi (Empire) --- Byzantine Empire --- Rome (Italy) --- History and criticism --- Sources --- Emperors - Rome - Biography - History and criticism --- Rome - History - Empire, 30 B.C.-284 A.D. - Sources --- Rome - History - Errors, inventions, etc.

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"Understanding Collapse explores the collapse of ancient civilisations, such as the Roman Empire, the Maya, and Easter Island. In this lively survey, Guy D. Middleton critically examines our ideas about collapse--how we explain it and how we have constructed potentially misleading myths around collapses--showing how and why collapse of societies was a much more complex phenomenon than is often admitted. Rather than positing a single explanatory model of collapse--economic, social, or environmental--Middleton gives full consideration to the overlooked resilience in communities of ancient peoples and the choices that they made. He offers a fresh interpretation of collapse that will be accessible to both students and scholars. The book is an engaging, introductory-level survey of collapse in the archaeology/history literature, which will be ideal for use in courses on the collapse of civilizations, sustainability, and climate change. It includes up-to-date case studies of famous and less well-known examples of collapses, and is illustrated with 25 black and white illustrations, 3 line drawings, 16 tables and 18 maps"--

Civilization, Ancient. --- History, Ancient. --- Social change --- Complexity (Philosophy) --- Resilience (Personality trait) --- Human ecology --- History --- Social archaeology. --- Environmental archaeology. --- Civilisation ancienne --- Histoire ancienne --- Changement social --- Ecologie humaine --- Histoire --- Archéologie sociale --- Archéologie de l'environnement --- Social aspects --- Errors, inventions, etc. --- Erreurs, inventions, etc. --- Civilization, Ancient --- History, Ancient --- Social archaeology --- Environmental archaeology --- Social change - History - To 1500 --- Complexity (Philosophy) - Social aspects - History - To 1500 --- Resilience (Personality trait) - Social aspects - History - To 1500 --- Human ecology - History - To 1500 --- History - Errors, inventions, etc. --- Environmental archaeologye --- Errors, inventions, etc --- Història antiga --- Civilització antiga --- Complexitat (Filosofia) --- Història social --- Resiliència (Tret de la personalitat) --- Ecologia humana