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History --- Methodology. --- Sources. --- Study and teaching (Higher) --- History - Methodology. --- History - Sources --- History - Study and teaching (Higher)

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What kind of being did a sailor see, when he was confronted with a mermaid? A demon, a fairy, a monster, or only an extraordinary marine mammal? Transmitted by the tradition of ancient natural history the European universities faced many creatures belonging to natural science as well as to mythology, which still could be observed throughout the world. While medieval sholarship treated those beings as subjects for demonology, early modern scholars started to rationalize the sirens and satyrs and developed new models of explanation. Throughout hundreds of academical disputations the debate on hybrid creatures can be followed up to the time of Linné and Buffon and the zoological classifications of the 18th century. This study reconstructs the discussions of hybrid creatures as part of the Early Modern change of paradigms and the longue durée of ancient and medieval natural history with the help of five examples, sirens, satyrs, giants, pygmies, and dragons.

Comparative religion --- Animals, Mythical --- Natural history --- Animals, Mythical, in literature --- Demonology --- Identification --- History --- Study and teaching (Higher) --- Animals, Mythical - Europe - Identification - History --- Natural history - Study and teaching (Higher) - Europe --- Demonology - Europe - History --- Animals, Mythical, in literature. --- History.

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History as a science --- Study and teaching (Higher) --- Etude et enseignement (Supérieur) --- 930.12 --- Theorie van de historische kennis. Geschiedtheorie --- #A9507H --- 930.12 Theorie van de historische kennis. Geschiedtheorie --- Etude et enseignement (Supérieur) --- History --- Histoire --- United States --- History - Study and teaching (Higher) - United States.

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Historiography --- History --- Political aspects --- History. --- Study and teaching (Higher) --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Historical criticism --- Authorship --- Political aspects&delete& --- Study and teaching (Higher)&delete& --- Criticism --- France --- Germany --- Weimar Republic --- Germanii︠a︡ --- Германия --- BRD --- FRN --- Jirmānīya --- جرمانيا --- Nimechchyna --- Gjermani --- Federalʹna Respublika Nimechchyny --- Veĭmarskai︠a︡ Respublika --- Ashkenaz --- Germanyah --- Bundesrepublik Deutschland --- Federal Republic of Germany --- Deutschland --- Repoblika Federalin'i Alemana --- República Federal de Alemania --- Alemania --- República de Alemania --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh German Uls --- Kholboony Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh German Uls --- KhBNGU --- ХБНГУ --- German Uls --- Germania --- Republika Federal Alemmana --- Deutsches Reich --- Grossdeutsches Reich --- Weimarer Republik --- Vācijā --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955) --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : British Zone) --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : French Zone) --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : Russian Zone) --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : U.S. Zone) --- Germany (East) --- Germany (West) --- Holy Roman Empire --- Pʻŭrangsŭ --- Frankrig --- Francja --- Frant︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Prantsusmaa --- Francia (Republic) --- Tsarfat --- Tsorfat --- Franḳraykh --- Frankreich --- Fa-kuo --- Faguo --- Франция --- French Republic --- République française --- Peurancih --- Frankryk --- Franse Republiek --- Francland --- Frencisc Cynewīse --- فرنسا --- Faransā --- Franza --- Republica Franzesa --- Gallia (Republic) --- Hyãsia --- Phransiya --- Fransa --- Fransa Respublikası --- Franse --- Францыя --- Frantsyi︠a︡ --- Французская Рэспубліка --- Frantsuzskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Parancis --- Pransya --- Franis --- Francuska --- Republika Francuska --- Bro-C'hall --- Френска република --- Frenska republika --- França --- República Francesa --- Pransiya --- Republikang Pranses --- Γαλλία --- Gallia --- Γαλλική Δημοκρατία --- Gallikē Dēmokratia --- فرانسه --- Farānsah --- צרפת --- רפובליקה הצרפתית --- Republiḳah ha-Tsarfatit --- פראנקרייך --- 法国 --- 法蘭西共和國 --- Falanxi Gongheguo --- フランス --- Furansu --- フランス共和国 --- Furansu Kyōwakoku --- Francija --- Ranska --- Frankrike --- France (Provisional government, 1944-1946) --- ドイツ --- Doitsu --- ドイツ連邦共和国 --- Doitsu Renpō Kyōwakoku --- Fa-lan-hsi --- Falanxi --- Frankrijk --- Frant︠s︡ --- Frant︠s︡ Uls --- Франц --- Франц Улс --- 法蘭西 --- 프랑스 --- ドイツ レンポウ キョウワコク --- Deguo --- 德国 --- Gėrman --- Герман Улс --- Historiography - Political aspects - Germany - History. --- Historiography - Political aspects - France - History. --- History - Study and teaching (Higher) - Germany - History.