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Pituitary gland --- Diseases. --- Hipòfisi --- Factors d'edat en les malalties

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This volume explores multiple methods and approaches used to generate human brain and neuroretinal organoids to address fundamental questions in human brain research. The chapters in this book cover topics such as self-organizing brain organoids with ventricles amenable to injection and electroporation; visualization of 3D organoids though the latest advancements in microscopy; generation of 3D retinal tissue with physiologically competent, light-sensitive photoreceptors; modeling brain tumors using genetically edited brain organoids; and brain organoids as a model to study Zika virus and SARS-CoV-2 infections. In the Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your laboratory. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, Brain Organoid Research is a valuable resource for researchers at various levels of learning, ranging from undergraduate students, early researchers, and advanced laboratories. This book aims to be instrumental in moving this developing field forward.

Neurosciences. --- Neuroscience. --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences --- Nervous system --- Cervell --- Enginyeria de teixits --- Cèl·lules mare --- Cèl·lules --- Cèl·lules mare embrionàries --- Enginyeria tisular --- Reconstrucció d'òrgans --- Reconstrucció de teixits --- Cultiu de teixits --- Enginyeria biomèdica --- Medicina regenerativa --- Cap --- Craniologia --- Encèfal --- Sistema nerviós central --- Bulb raquidi --- Cerebel --- Escorça cerebral --- Evolució del cervell --- Frenologia --- Hipòfisi --- Líquid cefalorraquidi --- Memòria --- Neurones motores --- Neuropsicologia --- Neuropsiquiatria --- Psicologia --- Sistema límbic --- Somnis --- Son --- Tàlem (Anatomia) --- Tronc de l'encèfal --- Cirurgia cerebral

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Connections define the functions of neurons: information flows along connections, as well as growth factors and viruses, and even neuronal death can progress through connections. Accordingly, knowing how the various parts of the brain are interconnected to form functional systems is a prerequisite for properly understanding data from all fields in the neurosciences. Clinical Neuroanatomy: Brain Circuitry and Its Disorders bridges the gap between neuroanatomy and clinical neurology. It focuses on human and primate data in the context of brain circuitry disorders, which are so common in neurological practice. In addition, numerous clinical cases are presented to demonstrate how normal brain circuitry can be interrupted, and what the effects are. Following an introduction to the organization and vascularization of the human brain and the techniques used to study brain circuitry, the main neurofunctional systems are discussed, including the somatosensory, auditory, visual, motor, autonomic and limbic systems, the cerebral cortex and complex cerebral functions. In this 2nd edition, apart from a general updating, many new illustrations have been added and more emphasis is placed on modern techniques such as diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) and network analysis. Moreover, a developmental ontology based on the prosomeric model is applied, resulting in a more modern subdivision of the brain. The new edition of Clinical Neuroanatomy is primarily intended for neurologists, neuroradiologists and neuropathologists, as well as residents in these fields, but will also appeal to (neuro)anatomists and all those whose work involves human brain mapping.

Neurosciences. --- Neurology . --- Human anatomy. --- Neurology. --- Anatomy. --- Anatomy, Human --- Anatomy --- Human biology --- Medical sciences --- Human body --- Medicine --- Nervous system --- Neuropsychiatry --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Diseases --- Neuroanatomia --- Circuit neuronal --- Cervell --- Cap --- Craniologia --- Encèfal --- Sistema nerviós central --- Bulb raquidi --- Cerebel --- Escorça cerebral --- Evolució del cervell --- Frenologia --- Hipòfisi --- Líquid cefalorraquidi --- Memòria --- Neurones motores --- Neuropsicologia --- Neuropsiquiatria --- Psicologia --- Sistema límbic --- Somnis --- Son --- Tàlem (Anatomia) --- Tronc de l'encèfal --- Cirurgia cerebral --- Circuit nerviós --- Circuit neural --- Electrofisiologia --- Sistema nerviós --- Sinapsi --- Reflexos (Fisiologia) --- Xarxes neuronals (Neurobiologia) --- Anatomia del sistema nerviós --- Anatomia --- Neurobiologia --- Neurociències --- Central nervous system --- Neuroanatomy. --- Diseases.

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This book discusses normal brain physiology and renal physiology, as well as the interactions between the two. The physiology of the brain can easily be affected by any changes to the physiology of other systems, which in turn may compromise cerebral blood flow and oxygenation. Together the brain and the renal system help our body systems to function automatically. The book addresses the basic aspects of neurophysiology and renal physiology in three broad sections, the first of which covers the basic principles of cerebral physiology and neural regulation of the renal system. The second part reviews the normal physiology of the renal system, including the mechanism of action, while the last section summarizes the correlation between the brain and kidney. Highly informative and clearly structured, the book provides essential insights for anyone with an interest in physiology and medicine.

Neurophysiology. --- Kidneys. --- Abdomen --- Urinary organs --- Nephrology --- Nervous system --- Neurobiology --- Physiology --- Human physiology. --- Neurosciences. --- Endocrinology . --- Nephrology. --- Human Physiology. --- Endocrinology. --- Internal medicine --- Hormones --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences --- Kidneys --- Human biology --- Human body --- Cervell --- Fisiologia --- Ronyó --- Ronyons --- Aparell urinari --- Diüresi --- Glàndules suprarenals --- Malalties del ronyó --- Nefrologia --- Biologia --- Absorció (Fisiologia) --- Adaptació (Fisiologia) --- Calor animal --- Cèl·lules --- Circulació sanguínia --- Climateri --- Composició corporal (Fisiologia) --- Creixement --- Digestió --- Electrofisiologia --- Embaràs --- Esquena --- Excitació (Fisiologia) --- Excreció --- Fisiologia animal --- Fisiologia cel·lular --- Fisiologia humana --- Lactació --- Mecànica animal --- Neurofisiologia --- Nutrició --- Òptica fisiològica --- Orientació (Fisiologia) --- Perfusió (Fisiologia) --- Psicofisiologia --- Reologia (Biologia) --- Salut --- Secreció --- Set --- Vida (Biologia) --- Anatomia --- Efectes fisiològics --- Cap --- Craniologia --- Encèfal --- Sistema nerviós central --- Bulb raquidi --- Cerebel --- Escorça cerebral --- Evolució del cervell --- Frenologia --- Hipòfisi --- Líquid cefalorraquidi --- Memòria --- Neurones motores --- Neuropsicologia --- Neuropsiquiatria --- Psicologia --- Sistema límbic --- Somnis --- Son --- Tàlem (Anatomia) --- Tronc de l'encèfal --- Cirurgia cerebral

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This work offers a comprehensive reference guide to help clinicians in the field of Internal Medicine addressing common aspects of endocrinological disorders in their daily practice. The exponential growth in our knowledge of biomedicine calls for continuous multidisciplinary approaches across specialists and disciplines. In this volume, recognized experts in each given area explore the complex mechanisms linking endocrinological disorders to abnormalities of the cardiovascular system, kidney, liver and gastrointestinal tract, autoimmune, neuro-psychiatric, rheumatic, and dermatologic diseases. Aspects connected to critically ill and elderly patients are examined as well, helping to enhance daily interactions with the most fragile populations observed in clinical medicine. The individual chapters are designed to deliver timely information while explaining pathophysiological mechanisms with the help of figures, flow-charts, and updated guidelines. The book offers a unique and valuable resource for all clinicians, residents, specialists, and physicians involved daily in the management of complex and multidisciplinary systemic diseases.

Endocrinology . --- Cardiology. --- Gastroenterology . --- Nephrology. --- Critical care medicine. --- Geriatrics. --- Endocrinology. --- Gastroenterology. --- Intensive / Critical Care Medicine. --- Geriatrics/Gerontology. --- Medicine --- Gerontology --- Older people --- Intensive care --- Intensive medicine --- Emergency medicine --- Intensive care units --- Internal medicine --- Kidneys --- Digestive organs --- Heart --- Hormones --- Diseases --- Health and hygiene --- Internal medicine. --- Endocrine glands --- Diseases. --- Clinical endocrinology --- Endocrine diseases --- Hormonal disorders --- Medicine, Internal --- Glàndules endocrines --- Medicina interna --- Malalties --- Malaltia --- Medicina --- Discapacitat física --- Malalties cardiovasculars --- Malalties constitucionals --- Malalties de l'aparell digestiu --- Malalties de l'aparell genital --- Malalties de l'aparell respiratori --- Malalties de la pell --- Malalties del sistema nerviós --- Malalties dels animals --- Malalties hematològiques --- Malalties hereditàries --- Malalties de l'aparell locomotor --- Malalties d'origen nutricional --- Malalties iatrogèniques --- Malalties immunitàries --- Malalties otorrinolaringològiques --- Malalties rares --- Oftalmopaties --- Serveis d'urgències mèdiques --- Síndromes --- Trastorns de la nutrició --- Trastorns del metabolisme --- Epidemiologia --- Cardiologia --- Endocrinologia --- Gastroenterologia --- Hematologia --- Nefrologia --- Reumatologia --- Glàndula endocrina --- Glàndules de secreció interna --- Sistema endocrí --- Glàndula pineal --- Glàndules suprarenals --- Illots de Langerhans --- Hipòfisi --- Hipotàlem --- Paratiroides --- Timus (Glàndula) --- Tiroide --- Cirurgia endocrina