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Abu ʼl-Ḥasan Nasawī was a mathematician and geometer of the 5th/11th century. He was a contemporary of Bīrūnī (d. 440/1048) and a student of Avicenna (d. 428/1037). Naṣīr al-Dīn Ṭūsī (d. 672/1274) mentions him in his works and so do others. Nasawī became known in the west through the publications of Franz Woepcke in the nineteenth century. Born in Rayy, Nasawī worked for the Buyid ruler Majd al-Dawla (d. 420/1029) and later for Sharaf al-Dawla, vizier to the Buyid ruler of Baghdad, Jalāl al-Dawla (d. 435/1044). In Nasawī's time, there were three types of arithmetic: finger-counting as used in business, a sexagesimal sytem with numbers denoted by letters of the Arabic alphabet, and an Indian system of numerals and fractions with decimal notation. The present work is about the Indian system and treats of four classes of numbers in four separate sections. This is Nasawī's own Arabic reworking of the Persian original, now lost.
Arithmetic --- Hindu mathematics. --- Mathematics
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Hindu astronomy. --- Hindu astronomy. --- Hindu mathematics. --- Hindu mathematics.
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The scholar and East India Company administrator Henry Thomas Colebrooke (1765-1837) brought India's rich mathematical heritage to the attention of the wider world with the publication of this book in 1817. Based on Sanskrit texts, it contains English translations of classic works by the Indian mathematicians and astronomers Brahmagupta (598-668) and Bhascara (1114-85), who were instrumental thinkers in the development of algebra. Included here are translations of chapters 12 and 18 of Brahmagupta's best-known work, Brahmasphutasiddhanta, focusing on arithmetic and algebra respectively. Also included in this book are translations of two of the greatest works by Bhascara: Lilavati, his treatise on arithmetic, and Bijaganita, on algebra. Furthermore, Colebrooke's introduction aims to position the Indian advancement of algebra in relation to its development by the Greeks and Arabs.
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An important mathematician and astronomer in medieval India, Bhascara Acharya (1114-85) wrote treatises on arithmetic, algebra, geometry and astronomy. He is also believed to have been head of the astronomical observatory at Ujjain, which was the leading centre of mathematical sciences in India. Forming part of his Sanskrit magnum opus Siddhānta Shiromani, the present work is his treatise on arithmetic, including coverage of geometry. It was first published in English in 1816 after being translated by the East India Company surgeon John Taylor (d.1821). Used as a textbook in India for centuries, it provides the basic mathematics needed for astronomy. Topics covered include arithmetical terms, plane geometry, solid geometry and indeterminate equations. Of enduring interest in the history of mathematics, this work also contains Bhascara's pictorial proof of Pythagoras' theorem.
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Mainly on the work of an ancient Indian astronomer and mathematician, Āryabhata I, b. 476.
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