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In many regions of Europe and beyond fortifications belong to the most impressive of archaeological remains. Their study has a long tradition and today a multitude of aspects about architecture, function or symbolism has been explored. However, fortifications are generally examined in a temporally, regionally or culturally limited context. Going a step further, this volume aims to bring into focus concepts of fortifications, which can be socially, symbolically or functionally, but also chronologically and supra-regionally aligned. An important question is to determine which fortification elements are culture-specific, and which can be regarded as convergence or even universal phenomena. Adopting a comparative view, the central aim of the volume is to highlight the diversity and the structural similarities of ancient fortifications. The chronological framework goes from the Neolithic to the Late Iron Age, and the geographical scope from the Near East to the Iberian Peninsula.
Fortification, Prehistoric. --- HISTORY / Ancient / General. --- Fortification, Prehistoric --- Hill-forts --- Prehistoric fortification --- Archaeology
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Funded by the AHRC, the Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland project (2012-2016) involved a team drawn from the Universities of Oxford, Edinburgh and Cork which was responsible for compiling a massive database, now freely available online at https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac, on hillforts in Britain and Ireland. This was underpinned by a major desk-based re-assessment of accessible records. These twelve studies, presented at the end of that exercise to a conference in Edinburgh, and contributed by team members and colleagues, outline the background to and development of the project (Gary Lock) and offer a preliminary assessment of the online digital Atlas (John Pouncett) as well as presenting initial research studies using Atlas data. The volume is profusely illustrated with over 140 figures, including many new maps.Ian Ralston provides a historical assessment of key stages in the enumeration and mapping of these important monuments on both sides of the Irish Sea. The hill- and promontory forts of England, Wales and the Isle of Man are assessed by Ian Brown and those of Ireland by James O’Driscoll, Alan Hawkes and William O’Brien. Stratford Halliday’s study of the Scottish evidence focuses on the impact of the application of the Atlas criteria to the records of forts in that country. Simon Maddison deploys Percolation Analysis as an example of the potential re-use of the Atlas data in analysing new distributions; Jessica Murray presents a GIS-based approach to hillfort settings and configurations.Syntheses on insular Early Historic fortified settlements in northern Britain and Ireland, by James O’Driscoll and Gordon Noble, and on hillforts in areas of the nearer Continent are included. The latter comprise an overview by Sophie Krausz on Iron Age fortifications in France and a consideration of the south German records of hillforts and oppida by Axel Posluschny, while Fernando Rodriguez del Cueto tackles the north-western Spanish evidence.
Fortification, Prehistoric --- Hill-forts --- Prehistoric fortification --- Archaeology --- E-books --- Conferences - Meetings
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Neolithic period --- -Fortification, Prehistoric --- -Europe --- -Hill-forts --- Prehistoric fortification --- Archaeology --- New Stone age --- Stone age --- Congresses --- Antiquities --- -Congresses --- Fortification, Prehistoric --- Congresses. --- Hill-forts --- Europe --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia
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Britons --- Fortification, Prehistoric --- -Iron age --- -Civilization --- Hill-forts --- Prehistoric fortification --- Archaeology --- Brythons --- Celts --- Ethnology --- Great Britain --- Antiquities, Celtic. --- -Great Britain --- -Brythons --- Iron age
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Excavations (Archaeology) --- Fortification, Prehistoric --- Hill-forts --- Prehistoric fortification --- Archaeology --- Archaeological digs --- Archaeological excavations --- Digs (Archaeology) --- Excavation sites (Archaeology) --- Ruins --- Sites, Excavation (Archaeology) --- Finland --- Antiquities.
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Neolithic period --- Earthworks (Archaeology) --- Fortification, Prehistoric --- Landscape archaeology --- New Stone age --- Stone age --- Archaeology --- Cultural landscapes --- Hill-forts --- Prehistoric fortification --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- Europe --- Antiquities
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Prehistoric peoples --- Fortification, Prehistoric --- Taveuni (Fiji) --- Antiquities --- Antiquities, Prehistoric --- Hill-forts --- Prehistoric fortification --- Prehistoric antiquities --- Prehistoric archaeology --- Prehistory --- Tabiuni (Fiji) --- Taviuni (Fiji) --- Vuna (Fiji) --- Antiquities. --- Archaeology --- Taveuni Island (Fiji)
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Neolithic period --- Earthworks --- Europe --- Antiquities. --- Neolithikum - Europa --- Befestigung - Neolithikum --- Erdwerk - Neolithikum --- Earthworks (Archaeology) --- Fortification, Prehistoric --- Landscape archaeology --- Hill-forts --- Prehistoric fortification --- Archaeology --- New Stone age --- Stone age --- Cultural landscapes --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- Antiquities
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The myth of the peace-loving ""noble savage"" is persistent and pernicious. Indeed, for the last fifty years, most popular and scholarly works have agreed that prehistoric warfare was rare, harmless, unimportant, and, like smallpox, a disease of civilized societies alone. Prehistoric warfare, according to this view, was little more than a ritualized game, where casualties were limited and the effects of aggression relatively mild. Lawrence Keeley's groundbreaking War Before Civilization offers a devastating rebuttal to such comfortable myths and debunks the notion that warfare was introduced t
Warfare, Prehistoric. --- Fortification, Prehistoric. --- Weapons, Prehistoric. --- Arms and armor, Prehistoric --- Prehistoric weapons --- Tools, Prehistoric --- Hill-forts --- Prehistoric fortification --- Archaeology --- Prehistoric peoples --- Prehistoric warfare --- Warfare --- Armes préhistoriques. --- Fortifications préhistoriques. --- Guerre préhistorique.
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Iron age --- Fortification, Prehistoric --- Age du fer --- British Isles --- Britanniques, Iles --- Antiquities --- Antiquités --- Britons --- Celts --- -Fortification, Prehistoric --- -Iron age --- -Civilization --- Hill-forts --- Prehistoric fortification --- Archaeology --- Celtic peoples --- Gaels --- Ethnology --- Indo-Europeans --- Alpine race --- Brythons --- Great Britain --- Ireland --- Irish Free State --- Antiquities, Celtic. --- -Great Britain --- Antiquités --- -Brythons --- Civilization
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