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" In 1901, the Northern Pacific was an unlikely prize: a twice-bankrupt construction of the federal government, it was a two-bit railroad (literally--five years back, its stock traded for twenty-five cents a share). But it was also a key to connecting eastern markets through Chicago to the rising West. Two titans of American railroads set their sights on it: James J. Hill, head of the Great Northern and largest individual shareholder of the Northern Pacific, and Edward Harriman, head of the Union Pacific and the Southern Pacific. The subsequent contest was unprecedented in the history of American enterprise, pitting not only Hill against Harriman but also Big Oil against Big Steel and J. P. Morgan against the Rockefellers, with a supporting cast of enough wealthy investors to fill the ballroom of the Waldorf Astoria. The story, told here in full for the first time, transports us to the New York Stock Exchange during the unfolding of the earliest modern-day stock market panic. Harriman vs. Hill re-creates the drama of four tumultuous days in May 1901, when the common stock of the Northern Pacific rocketed from one hundred ten dollars a share to one thousand in a mere seventeen hours of trading--the result of an inadvertent "corner" caused by the opposing forces. Panic followed and then, in short order, a calamity for the "shorts," a compromise, the near-collapse of Wall Street brokerages and banks, the most precipitous decline ever in American stock values, and the fastest recovery. Larry Haeg brings to life the ensuing stalemate and truce, which led to the forming of a holding company, briefly the biggest railroad combine in American history, and the U.S. Supreme Court ruling against the deal, launching the reputation of Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes as the "great dissenter" and President Theodore Roosevelt as the "trust buster." The forces of competition and combination, unfettered growth, government regulation, and corporate ambition--all the elements of American business at its best and worst--come into play in the account of this epic battle, whose effects echo through our economy to this day. "--

Capitalists and financiers --- Railroads --- Speculation --- Stock exchanges --- History --- Harriman, Edward Henry, --- Hill, James J.

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Profiting from the Plains looks at two inextricably linked historical movements in the United States: the westward expansion of the great Northern Railway and the agricultural development of the northern plains. Claire Strom explores the persistent, idiosyncratic attempts by the Great Northern to boost agricultural production along its rail routes from St. Paul to Seattle between 1878 and 1917. Lacking a federal land grant, the Great Northern could not make money through land sales like other railways. It had to rely on haulage to make a profit, and the greatest potential for increasing haulage lay in farming.The energetic and charismatic owner of the Great Northern Railway, James J. Hill, spearheaded most of the initiatives undertaken by his corporation to boost agricultural production. He tried, often unsuccessfully, to persuade farmers of the profitability of his methods, which were largely based on his personal farming experience. When Hill’s initial efforts to increase haulage failed, he shifted his focus to working with outside agencies and institutions, often providing them with the funding to pursue projects he hoped would profit his railroad. At the time, state and federal agencies were also promoting agricultural development through irrigation, conservation, and dryland farming, but their agendas often clashed with those of the Great Northern Railway. Because Hill failed to grasp the extent to which politicians’ goals differed from those of the railroad, his use of federal expertise to promote agricultural change often backfired. But despite these obstacles, the railroad magnate ironically remained among the last defenders of the small-scale farmer modeled on Jeffersonian idealism.This fascinating story of railroad politics and development ties into themes of corporate and federal sponsorship, which are increasingly recognized as fundamental to western history. As the first scholarly examination of James J. Hill’s agricultural enterprises, Profiting from the Plains makes an important contribution to the biography of the popular and controversial Hill, as well as to western and environmental history.

Agriculture --- Businessmen --- Railroads --- Economic aspects --- History --- Business men --- Businesspeople --- Iron horses (Railroads) --- Lines, Railroad --- Rail industry --- Rail lines --- Rail transportation --- Railroad industry --- Railroad lines --- Railroad transportation --- Railway industry --- Railways --- Communication and traffic --- Concessions --- Public utilities --- Transportation --- Trusts, Industrial --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- History. --- Hill, James Jerome, --- Great Northern Railway Company (U.S.) --- St. Paul & Pacific Railroad Company --- Burlington Northern Inc. --- Kootenai Valley Railroad Company --- Spokane Falls & Northern Railroad --- St. Paul, Minneapolis & Manitoba Railway Company --- GN --- Great Northern (Firm : U.S.) --- Great Northern Railway Co. (U.S.) --- Great Northern Railway (U.S.) --- Great Northern Ry. Co. (U.S.) --- Northern Company (U.S.) --- United States --- West (U.S.) --- Economic conditions --- Economic conditions. --- Hill, James J.

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Plastics --- Art --- anno 1900-1999 --- Art styles --- Sculpture --- assemblages [sculpture] --- soft sculpture --- installations [visual works] --- textile materials --- sculpting --- Tàpies, Antoni --- Spoerri, Daniel --- Arp, Hans --- Graubner, Gotthard --- Horn, Rebecca --- César --- Halprin, Anna --- Cunningham, Merce --- Thomkins, André --- Maurice-Henry --- Dubuffet, Jean --- Kienholz, Edward --- Warhol, Andy --- Francken, Ruth --- Titus-Carmel, Gérard --- Oldenburg, Claes --- Brodwolf, Jürgen --- Eggenschwiler, Franz --- Jacobi, Peter --- Jacobi, Ritzi --- Rinke, Klaus --- Spindel, Ferdinand --- Duchamp, Marcel --- Bradshaw-Smith, Gillian --- Bucher, Heidi --- Buchli, Rudolf --- Dragomirescu, Radu --- Dubach, Margaretha --- Morris, Robert --- Grossen, Françoise --- Hill, James --- Christo --- Marotta, Gino --- Beuys, Joseph --- Murakami, Saburō --- Paeffgen, C.O. --- Pons, Louis --- Prokot, Inge --- Shields, Alan --- Tawney, Lenore --- Roth, Dieter --- Weseler, Günter --- Colette --- Miró, Joan --- Luginbühl, Bernhard --- Klein, Yves --- Kowalski, Piotr --- Manzoni, Piero --- Saint-Phalle, de, Niki --- Serra, Richard --- Dalí, Salvador --- Rauschenberg, Robert --- Sonnier, Keith --- Rogge, Cornelius --- Rosenquist, James --- Ruthenbeck, Reiner --- Kudo, Tetsumi --- Kusama, Yayoi --- Flanagan, Barry --- Etienne-Martin --- Walther, Franz Erhard --- Buthe, Michael --- Chamberlain, John --- Clark, Lygia --- Hesse, Eva --- Kounellis, Jannis --- Oppenheim, Meret --- Samaras, Lucas --- Tanning, Dorothea --- Agar, Eileen --- Gilardi, Piero --- Graves, Nancy --- Kuhn, Thomas --- Schultze, Bernhard --- Smith, Richard --- Taeuber-Arp, Sophie Henriette Gertrud --- Winsor, Jackie --- Abakanowicz, Magdalena --- Lalanne, François-Xavier --- Poirier, Anne --- Man Ray --- Arman --- Raysse, Martial --- Seligmann, Kurt --- Kaprow, Allan --- Panamarenko --- Aeppli, Eva